墨西哥贫困人口人力资本投资的经验及对中国的启示——基于“机会计划”的分析  

Mexico' s Human Capital Investment for Poor People and Its Reference to China——Based on Oportunidades

作　　者：郑皓瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学外语学院,北京100029

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2015年第9期123-128,共6页Social Sciences of Beijing

摘　　要："机会计划"是墨西哥贫困人口人力资本投资的一项重要计划,是墨西哥政府第一个从教育、卫生和食品保障入手,综合解决贫困化的扶贫项目。该计划实施10多年,大幅增加了入学率,降低了辍学率,改变了印第安土著居民对教育的看法,提高了儿童的营养状况和身体素质,增强了成年人的卫生保健意识,改善了贫困人口的收入及消费模式,取得了自助脱贫的效果。此计划所体现出来的颠覆传统的设计理念、创新的"有条件性"以及实施严格的惩处措施等特点值得中国借鉴。'Oportunidades( English: Opportunities) 'is one of the most important programs of Mexico's human capital investment for poor people. Ran by the Mexico government,this program is the first poverty alleviation program,which starts from education,health and nutrition in order to comprehensively solve poverty. Oportunidades has already been implemented for more than ten years. This program steeply increased school enrollment,reduced dropout rates,changed Native Americans' opinion on education,and increased growth for young children receiving nutritional supplements,strengthened the adults' awareness of health,improved income and consumption patterns of poor people, and brought people out of poverty. The characteristics of this program,including the overturn traditional design concept,the innovative conditionality and the strict punishment measures,could provide references for China.

关 键 词：贫困人口 人力资本投资 墨西哥 机会计划 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]