论1987年超新星爆发后续现象的不同解释  

Explanations of Phenomena after the Supernova SN1987A Burst in Feb. 1987

作　　者：黄志洵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学信息工程学院,北京100024

出　　处：《前沿科学》2015年第2期39-53,共15页Frontier Science

摘　　要：1987年2月23日发生了超新星爆发,在1987A超新星的第一批光子抵达前7.7h,意大利布朗峰下的探测器检测到第1批中微子到达,包含5个事件。而在第1批光子抵达前3h,第2批中微子抵达,日本神岗Ⅱ的探测器收到11个,美国Ohio州的IMB探测器收到8个,前苏联Baksan的探测器收到5个。这怎么会发生,一直没有得到合理的解释。本文认为有3种可能:1光子速度为光速c,中微子速度是超光速;2中微子速度为c,光子速度为亚光速;3中微子速度为超光速,光子速度为亚光速。从最近的研究来分析,可能发生了情况3。本文先论述引力势造成的光速值修正,包含两个理论——Einstein的(1911年)和Franson的(2014年)。这些理论都预期引力势使光速减小,从而使光速c成为不恒定的常数;而这就损害了狭义相对论的基础。Franson考虑了量子力学的Hamilton量中引入有质量粒子的引力势能所带来的影响,并依靠了Schr?dinger方程这样的非相对论性理论;所得结果基本上与超新星SN1987A的观测相符。回顾2011年9月22日公布的在意大利进行的中微子超光速实验,即使它的结果错了,也不能完全抹杀OPERA实验的意义。其时中微子速度由飞行距离与飞行时间之比确定,这是Newton力学的方式。OPERA研究人员对CERN与探测器间约730km距离的测量精度达20cm,而相应时差的测量精度达10ns。因此,确定中微子速度的最佳方法仍应像OPERA实验那样去测量距离和时间。别的研究方法,例如以"虚数静止质量"概念为基础的方法,由于物理意义不明又不能直接测量,在科学上没有多少价值。In Feb. 23 1987, the first neutrinos from Supernova 1987A arrived 7.7h before the first photons, it was excluding the 5 events from the Mt. Blanc detector of Italy. And then, the second neutrinos from Supernova 1987A arrived 3h before the first photons, it was excluding 11 events from the Kamiokanda detector of Japan, 8 events from the IMB detector of Ohio, and 5 events from the Baksan detector of USSR. There is no conventional explanation for how that could have occurred. In this paper, we suggest the possibility as follows： （1）the speed of photons are the light velocity c, but the speed of neutrinos are superluminal; （2）the speed of neutrinos are light velocity c, but the speed of photons are subluminal; （3）the speed of neutrinos are superluminal, and the speed of photons are subluminal. Acording to the recent study of physicists, we consider the evidence that situation may in deed be （44） in above. In the article, we consider firstly the light speed correction due to the gravitational potential, contains two theories, including the contributions of A. Einstein in 1911 and J. Franson in 2014. These principles predicted that the velocity of light would be reduced by the gravitational potential. Then the hght speed c is a inconstancy constant; this results impair the basis of Special Relativity（SR）. Franson consider the effects of including the gravitational potential energy of massive particles in Hamiltonian of quantum mechanics（QM）, and based the Schrodinger equation, it is the nonrelativitic theory. The predicted results are in reasonable agreement with test dataes from Supernova 1987a. In Sep.22/2011, an experiment in Italy has unveiled evidence that the neutrinos can travel faster-than-light. If this result of OPERA experiment is wrong, we can＇t adopt an atitude of negating everything. According to the Newton mechanics（NM）, the velocity of neutrinos determined by the distance and the time interval. The OPERA reasearchers claim to measured the 730km trip between CERN and the

关 键 词：超新星1987A 超光速中微子 亚光速光子 虚数静质量 

分 类 号：P145.3[天文地球—天体物理]