个人记忆与历史书写——大江健三郎《亲自为我拭去泪水之日》的历史叙事探析  

Personal Memory and Historical Writing: On Historical Narrative in The Day He Himself Shall Wipe My Tears Away by Oe Kenzaburo

作　　者：兰立亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学外国语学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《外国语文》2015年第4期19-24,共6页Foreign Languages and Literature

基　　金：河南省教育厅人文社会科学研究重点项目"日本现代作家的历史认识与小说创作研究"(2014-ZD-096);"德日当代作家的二战记忆与文学书写比较研究"(2015-ZD-150);中国博士后基金第53批面上项目"大江健三郎小说诗学研究"(2013M531661)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：《亲自为我拭去泪水之日》是日本作家大江健三郎天皇制批判主题小说的扛鼎之作。运用叙事学和精神分析理论,将《亲自为我拭去泪水之日》置于作家创作的历史语境中进行考察可以发现,在故事深层结构上,小说通过对俄狄浦斯神话原型的借鉴,将原型运用与反天皇制主题紧密结合起来,表现了天皇制枷锁对现代日本人的精神禁锢,体现了作家省察历史与现实的理性精神和解剖自我灵魂的自省精神。在叙事上,小说采用元小说技法,通过口述现场的彰显,以个人言说的记忆来重构历史,呈现出对宏大历史叙事质疑的新历史主义倾向。《亲自为我拭去泪水之日》很好地实现了有意义的形式对小说主题的建构,为日本当代作家的小说创作提供了有益的启示。The Day He Himself Shall Wipe My Tears Away is Japanese writer Oe Kenzaburo ＇ s important novel on the criticism of Mikado. This paper analyzes the novel from the perspective of narratology and psychoanalytic theory with regard to the historical context. It is found that in the deep structure of the story, the novel combines the mythological archetype of Oedipus with anti-Mikadoism to expose the control of people＇ s mind by Mikado and reflect the rational reflection on history. In the narrative, the novel uses metafietion techniques to reconstruct history through individual memory by highlighting the oral scene, showing the tendency of new historicism and questioning the grand history. The Day He Himself Shall Wipe My Tears Away achieves the meaningful construction of the theme of the novel, and provides inspiration for contemporary Japanese writers.

关 键 词：大江健三郎 《亲自为我拭去泪水之日》 天皇制批判 历史叙事 

分 类 号：I313.074[文学—其他各国文学]