两晋南朝太子洗马之“清选”与东宫秘书机构之发育  

The “Fair Selection” of Crown Prince's Xianma Position and the Development of the Eastern Palace Secretariat in Western,Eastern Tsin and Southern Dynasties

作　　者：刘雅君[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学社会科学学院,上海200444

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第4期106-116,共11页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(13CZS063);上海市浦江人才计划资助(14PJC030);上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题(2010ELS002)

摘　　要：汉初,太子洗马始行任子制,其地位较庶子、舍人为高。三国两晋间,太子洗马新增"准秘书郎"之职责,成为东宫秘书机构发育的开端。因洗马"典文书",其选任以"文书才义"为标准。又因掌释奠之事,"才义"实包含"美谈论"的内容。"掌文翰"即为洗马之"清"的具体内涵。宋、齐洗马选任"皆取甲族有才望"者,洗马一职多为显贵子弟所挤占。梁武帝复以"文书才义"选任,并设立典经局,将东宫秘书机构建制化,并注重其"典文书"职能。源自两汉、发育于魏晋的东宫秘书机构,至萧梁时基本成型。Crown prince＇s xianma position was qualified for the Renzi System （appointing one of the de- scendents of an official an official position） at the beginning of Han Dynasty, from which we can see xianma＇s position was higher that shuzi （ an accompany of the crown prince） and shenren （ an attendant of the crown prince）. During the period of the Three Kingdoms and the Western and Eastern Tsin Dynasties, a xianma had another duty-＂would-be secretary＂, an inception of the Eastern Palace Secretariat. Owing to the duty of ＂char- ging articles and documents＂, xianma＇s selection adopted the standard of ＂excelling in paperwork, arts and tal- ents＂. As a new duty of ＂holding memorial ceremonies to the ancient sages＂ was added, the criteria of ＂arts and talents＂ also included ＂eloquence in speeches＂. ＂Administering official files and documents＂ embodied the ＂fairness＂ in the selection of xianmas. In Southern Song and Qi Dynasties, the selection of xianma followed the practice of ＂appointing the talented from those renowned families＂, thus the positions of xianma were most- ly occupied by noble descendents. Till the Emperor of Liangwu, the standard of ＂excelling in paperwork, arts and talents＂ was resumed. Besides, the Bureau of Classics and Documents was established, signifying the institutionalization of the Eastern Palace Secretariat, and the function of ＂charging articles and documents＂ was reinforced. The Eastern Palace Secretariat, originated from the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties, developed during the Wei and Tsin dynasties, finally came into basic shape in Southern Liang Dynasty.

关 键 词：两晋南朝 太子洗马 清选 东宫秘书机构 

分 类 号：K235[历史地理—历史学]