黄土高原吕二沟流域不同植被下的坡面径流特征  

Characteristics of Slope Runoff under Different Vegetation Conditions in Lvergou Watershed of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：吕锡芝[1] 康玲玲[1] 左仲国[1] 孙娟[1] 倪用鑫 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院//水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第7期1113-1117,共5页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(HKF-2014-03;HFY-JBYW-2016-04);水利部黄土高原水土流失过程与控制重点实验室开放课题基金项目(2015004)

摘　　要：为研究不同植被下的坡面径流及其组分特征,选择黄土高原丘陵沟壑区第三副区典型小流域不同植被为研究对象,采用野外定位观测与室内试验相结合的方法,分析坡面上不同植被下的径流特征,以期为该区域的森林植被恢复与经营提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明:不同的林分由于其植被情况、土壤状况、根系等其他条件的不同,其对地表径流、壤中流等径流组分的影响有所差异,在相同的降雨条件下,4个不同植被类型的径流小区其产流量表现为灌木>混交>刺槐>油松,地表径流量也表现出相同的规律,表现为灌木>刺槐>油松>混交,而壤中流量则不同于上述两者,表现为混交>油松>灌木>刺槐。刺槐和灌木径流小区的坡面径流主要形式为地表径流,分别占总径流的95.61%和91.62%;混交径流小区的坡面径流主要形式为壤中流,占总径流的90.86%;而油松径流小区的坡面径流各组分所占比例较平均,地表径流和壤中流所占比例分别为61.99%和38.01%。降水是径流产流的最主要的来源,尤其是对于季节性降水明显的黄土高原地区,降雨量达到一定的阈值才会产生径流过程;降雨强度对地表径流和壤中流的影响有所差异;前期土壤含水量是影响坡面产流的一个非常重要的因素。To study characteristics of slope runoff and its components under different vegetation,different vegetation of typical small watershed in Loess Hilly Region Third Deputy District was selected in this paper. Using the methods of field observation and laboratory test to analyze the slope runoff characteristics under different vegetation, the paper will provide theory and technology support for forest vegetation restore and management in this region. The results showed that the impacts of different stand on surface runoff, subsurface flow and other runoff components varied because of its different vegetation, soil conditions and roots, etc. Under the same rainfall conditions, the runoff of four plots with different vegetation types showed shrub〉 mixed〉 locust〉 pine. The same law was also exhibited in surface runoff with the performance of shrubs〉 locust〉 pine〉 mixed. While subsurface flow was different from the both above with the performance of mixed 〉 pine〉 shrub〉 locust. The main form of slope runoff of locust and shrub runoff plots was surface runoff, which accounted for 95.61% and 91.62% of the total runoff respectively. The main form of slope runoff of mixed runoff plots was subsurface flow, which accounted for 90.86%. The surface runoff and subsurface flow of slope runoff of pine runoff plots accounted for 61.99% and 38.01% respectively. Precipitation, especially for the Loess Plateau which seasonally rains obviously, is the main source of runoff. When the rainfall reaches a certain threshold, runoff process will be produced. The effects of rainfall intensity on surface runoff and subsurface flow were different. Antecedent soil moisture was a very important factor which affected slope producing flow.

关 键 词：黄土高原 植被 坡面径流 地表径流 壤中流 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]