基于机会成本的退耕还林补偿资金的空间分配——以张家口市为例  

Spatial distribution of ecological compensation based on land opportunity cost:A case study in Zhangjiakou City,Hebei Province

作　　者：郭慧敏[1,2] 王武魁[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]河北北方学院经济管理学院,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2015年第4期137-143,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项经费课题"面向林改的森林资源可持续经营技术研究"(200904003);河北省社会科学基金项目"京津风沙源治理工程区后续产业开发的金融支持对策研究"(HB10EYJ302);河北省高等学校科学研究项目"生态补偿金的空间分配研究"(GH151075)

摘　　要：基于退耕还林区农户的利益,提出区域空间生态补偿额分配方法,以期为决策者提供有益的参考。在分配的定性分析过程中,要充分考虑经济和操作可行性,以一系列定性因素作为约束条件。在定量分析过程中,对影响生态补偿的重要因素——各县的机会成本和生态服务价值进行归一化处理,以此为权重,通过GIS技术构建的分配模型,对生态补偿资金分配结果进行区域运算和空间表达,并以聚类分析法把研究区域分为5个层次。以张家口地区各县区退耕补偿额总量3亿212万元为目标,以张家口地区各县区为分配主体,进行分配模型的测算。结果表明:1)退耕补偿总量最高的县是涿鹿县,补偿总量最低的县是张家口市;2)单位面积退耕补偿量最高的县是下花园,最低的是沽源县;3)以各区县农户的机会成本和生态服务价值作权重能从空间分配的角度解决生态补偿"一刀切"的难题,是一种比较合理可行的补偿方法。Based on the interests of the farmers of the sloping land conversion program, we propose a calculation method of ecological compensation standard of regional space, so as to provide reference for decision makers. In the qualitative analysis of allocation of compensation, economic and operational feasibility should be taken into account with a series of qualitative factors as the constraint conditions. In the quantitative analysis, the opportunity cost and ecosystem service value, two important factors influencing ecological compensation, were normalized to percentage and considered as weight. By constructing a distribution model based on GIS techniques, the allocation results of ecological compensation were subjected to regional operation and space expression, and the study area was divided into five levels by the clustering analysis. We set the amount of ecological compensation 302. 12 million yuan as the goal in Zhangjiakou City, taking counties in Zhangjiakou City as the subjects of distribution, and measured the distribution model of ecological compensation. The results show that the total compensation distributed in Zhuolu County is the largest and that in Zhangjiakou City the smallest. The amount of compensation of farmland per hectare in Xiahuayuan District is the highest and that in Guyuan County the lowest. The proposed method can solve the problem of ＂sweeping approach＂ in ecological compensation for being reasonable and feasible.

关 键 词：退耕还林 补偿标准 空间分配 机会成本 GIS 

分 类 号：F326.2[经济管理—产业经济]