辽东山区不同林龄日本落叶松人工林土壤微生物、养分及酶活性  

Soil microorganisms,nutrients and enzyme activity of Larix kaempferi plantation under different ages in mountainous region of eastern Liaoning Province,China

作　　者：牛小云[1] 孙晓梅[1] 陈东升[1] 张守攻[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所国家林业局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第9期2663-2672,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(31430017)资助

摘　　要：对辽宁省抚顺市大孤家林场11、20、34和47年生日本落叶松人工纯林表层土壤（0-5 cm）微生物群落结构、养分及酶活性进行了研究.结果表明：土壤微生物、养分及酶活性各项指标基本呈现11或47年林龄较高,而20或34年林龄较低.随林龄增加,土壤地力呈现衰退趋势,土壤微生物群落结构及酶活性变化对地力衰退呈现响应趋势,不同林龄真菌群落结构的差异较细菌显著.典范对应分析（CCA）表明,土壤养分含量及pH值对微生物群落结构的季节变化没有影响,但对在不同林龄间微生物的变化有影响.土壤全氮、有机碳、C/N、速效氮和pH值对不同林龄细菌分布影响较大,土壤速效磷、全钾、交换性镁离子和pH值对真菌分布影响较大.细菌与真菌群落主要的T-RFs片段与氮、磷的相关性都较高,而真菌群落与有机碳、钾的相关性高于细菌群落.11和47年林龄微生物群落与土壤养分、酶活性的相关性高于20与34年.因此,土壤微生物（尤其是土壤真菌）可以敏感地指示土壤肥力的变化.We studied the community of soil microorganisms,enzyme activity and soil nutrients under11-,20-,34-and 47-year-old Larix kaempferi plantations in mountainous region of eastern Liaoning Province to discuss the soil biological properties of L. kaempferi plantations of different stand ages and their relationships with soil nutrients. The results showed that the indexes reflecting soil microorganisms,enzyme activity and soil nutrients of L. kaempferi plantations were the highest under the11- or 47- year-old stand and the lowest in the 20- or 34-year-old stand. Soil productivity appeared in a decline trend with the increasing stand age,and the changes of soil microbial community structure and enzyme activity were responsive to soil degradation. The difference of fungi community was more noticeable than that of bacteria community among the plantations with different stand ages. The results of CCA showed soil nutrient and pH had no effect on seasonal difference of community structure,but had effects on community structure among different stand ages. The total N,organic carbon,C/N,available nitrogen,exchangeable Mg2＋and pH had greater effects on bacteria community,while available P,total K and pH had greater effect on fungi community among different age forests. The main T-RFs of bacteria and fungi had higher correlation with N and P,and the fungi community had higher correlation with organic carbon and K than bacteria community. The microorganism community of the 11- and 47-year-old stands had greater correlation with soil nutrients and enzyme activity than that of 20- and 34-year-old stands. Consequently,soil organisms,in particular soil fungi,could be used to indicate soil degradation.

关 键 词：日本落叶松 土壤微生物 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 典范对应分析 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]