氮添加对沿海不同林龄杨树人工林土壤动物群落的影响  

Effects of nitrogen addition on soil fauna in poplar plantation with different ages in a coastal area of eastern China

作　　者：周丹燕[1] 卜丹蓉[1] 葛之葳[1] 严靖[2] 肖晗冉 阮宏华[1] 曹国华 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学生物与环境学院/南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京210037 [2]中国科学院上海辰山植物科学研究中心,上海201602 [3]江苏省东台市国营林场,江苏东台224200

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第9期2553-2560,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2012CB416904);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD);江苏省基础研究计划(自然科学基金)青年基金项目(BK20130973)资助

摘　　要：大气氮沉降是当前全球性的环境问题,土壤动物对环境变化反应敏感,氮沉降可能显著影响森林土壤动物群落结构。从2012年5月起,在东台林场3个不同林龄(7、11、18年生)杨树人工林(黑杨派无性系I-35,Populus deltoides cv.I-35)进行野外模拟氮沉降试验,共设置5个处理,即对照、5、10、15、30 g N·m-2·a-1。在氮添加试验2年后,探讨氮沉降对不同林龄杨树人工林土壤动物群落的影响。结果表明:随林龄增加,土壤动物群落密度增加,但土壤动物类群数在11年生林最多;土壤动物密度随氮浓度的升高先增加后减少,在15 g N·m-2·a-1氮添加时达到最高值,并与土壤总有机碳、全氮显著相关;氮添加对土壤动物多样性的影响仅在11年生林表现显著,土壤动物群落多样性和均匀度随着施氮浓度增加呈下降趋势,优势度则完全相反。氮添加可能通过改变土壤营养状况显著影响土壤动物群落结构,中等浓度氮添加对土壤动物群落有促进作用,高浓度氮添加则有抑制作用。Increased atmospheric nitrogen（ N） deposition is a serious threat to the structure and function of ecosystems globally. Soil fauna is sensitive to environmental changes,and increased nitrogen deposition may profoundly influence soil faunal communities. We conducted a field experiment with different N addition treatments（ 0,5,10,15 and 30 g N·m-2·a-1,respectively） to examine the effects of N deposition on the structure of soil faunal communities in poplar（ Populus deltoides cv. I-35） plantations with different ages（ 7,11,18 years old） in a coastal area of eastern China in May 2012. Our results showed that the individual density of soil fauna increased significantly with increasing the stand age,but 11 years old poplar plantations had the greatest number of soil fauna group. The individual density of soil fauna decreased after an initial increase with the increasing N level,and it was the highest at the addition of 15 g N·m-2·a-1.Furthermore,the diversity of soil fauna was significantly correlated with soil TOC and TN. Significant effect of N addition on the diversity of soil fauna community was found only in 11 years old poplar plantation. Shannon diversity index and Pielou index showed a decreasing trend with the increasing N concentration,but Simpson index was completely opposite. In conclusion,N addition may cause great effects on the structure of soil fauna community through altering soil nutrition condition. Moderate N addition had a promoting effect on soil fauna community,but high N addition had a negative effect.

关 键 词：氮沉降 施肥 土壤动物多样性 群落结构 

分 类 号：S714.3[农业科学—林学]