“胜败”类动词的及物性类型分析  被引量:1

A Transitivity Typology of Verbs Describing Shengand Bai

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作  者:崔璨[1] 袁毓林[1] 

机构地区:[1]北京大学中文系/中国语言学研究中心/计算语言学教育部重点实验室,100871

出  处:《语言教学与研究》2015年第5期53-62,共10页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基  金:国家社科基金重大招标项目"汉语国际教育背景下的汉语意合特征研究与大型知识库和语料库建设"(批准号:12&ZD175)的资助

摘  要:本文基于大型语料库的考察,对"大胜、大败、完胜、完败、险胜、惨败"这6个"胜败"类复合动词的句法分布和论旨角色的配置方式进行描写和对比,并最终确定它们的及物性类型。研究发现:(1)"大胜、完胜、险胜"具有宾格型动词的特征,接单宾语时处于"主语(施事)+_+宾语(受事)"结构中,不接宾语时处于"主语(施事)+"结构中;(2)"大败"具有作格型动词的特征,接单宾语时处于"主语(施事)+_+宾语(受事)"结构中,不接宾语时处于"主语(受事)+"结构中;(3)"完败、惨败"是一种役格型动词,具有唯被动性,接单宾语时处于"主语(受事)+_+宾语(施事)"结构中,不接宾语时处于"主语(受事)+"结构中。By means of referring to a large scale corpus, this paper focuses on the generality and individuality of six compound verbs: "Dasheng (大胜), Dabai (大败), Wansheng (完胜) , Wanbai (完败) , Xiansheng (险胜)" and "Canbai (完败)". Through detailed description of their syntactic distributions and thematic roles, a typology for their transitivity is established. The research suggests that their typical differences lie in. (1) for verbs possessing feature of accusative verbs like "Dasheng, Wansheng, and Xiansheng", if they take an object, they are presented in a structure of "Subject (Agent) +_ + Object (Patient)"; if they take no object, they are in a structure of "Subject (Agent) +_ ". (2) for verbs possessing feature of ergative verbs like "Dabai", if they take an object, it is presented in a structure of "Subject (Agent) +_ + Object (Patient)", if not, they are in a structure of "Subiect (Patient) + _"; (3) for affectum verbs like "Wanbai and Canbai", which are passive in nature, if they take an object, they are presented in a structure of "Subject (Patient) +_ + Object (Agent)"; if not, they are in a structure of "Subject (Patient) +_ ".

关 键 词:“胜败”类动词 句法分布 论旨角色 及物性类型 

分 类 号:H146[语言文字—汉语]

 

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