“富士”苹果果肉开裂型裂果发生机理研究  

Study on the Mechanism of‘Fuji'Apple Flesh Cracking

作　　者：赵丹[1] 苏彦苹[1] 李保国[1,2] 陈梦华[1] 张雪梅[1,2] 齐国辉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院,河北保定071000 [2]河北省核桃工程技术研究中心,河北临城054300

出　　处：《北方园艺》2015年第17期15-21,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：河北省科技支撑计划资助项目(14236808D)

摘　　要：以果肉开裂型裂果程度不同的苹果园为研究对象,于2014年10月调查,研究了裂果程度不同的苹果园裂果及管理情况,测定了果实可溶性固形物含量、角质层厚度、果皮和果肉主要矿质元素含量等,并进行了果实浸水试验,以期探明红富士苹果果肉开裂型裂果的发生机理。结果表明：裂果的可溶性固形物含量和角质层厚度均显著或极显著大于正常果。裂果果皮钙含量极显著低于正常果,随果皮钙的含量的降低,裂果程度加重。果实可溶性固形物含量与单果裂缝总长度呈极显著正相关,与裂缝平均深度呈显著正相关。角质层厚度与裂缝平均宽度、裂缝平均深度呈显著正相关。果皮氮、镁的含量与单果裂缝总长度、裂缝平均宽度、裂缝平均深度和单果平均裂缝条数均呈极显著正相关;果皮钾的含量与裂缝平均宽度、单果平均裂纹条数呈显著负相关;果肉钾的含量与单果裂缝总长度、裂缝平均宽度、裂缝平均深度和单果平均裂缝条数均呈显著负相关。果皮氮/钾、氮/钙、磷/钙、钾/钙比与单果裂缝总长度、裂缝平均宽度、裂缝平均深度和单果平均裂缝条数均呈显著或极显著正相关。果皮钾/镁、钙/镁、钾/镁比与单果裂缝总长度、裂缝平均宽度、裂缝平均深度和单果平均裂缝条数均呈显著或极显著负相关。果肉磷/钾比与单果裂缝总长度、裂缝平均宽度均呈显著正相关。裂果果园的正常苹果在浸水后19~23h出现了裂果,随着浸水时间延长,裂果程度加重;对照果园的苹果浸水前3d未出现裂果,直到第4天才出现轻微裂果。Different degrees of fruit cracking orchards were used as research object,in October 2014,apple cracking and the orchard managements were investigated,flesh soluble solids contents,cutin layer thicknesses,main mineral element contents in flesh and peel were determined,and the fruit water soaking test was carried out in order to reveal the mechanism of‘Fuji＇apple flesh cracking.The results showed that the flesh soluble solids contents and cutin layer thicknesses in cracking fruits were significantly or very significantly higher than those of in normal fruits.Ca content in cracking fruits peel was very significantly lower than that of normal fruits,the fruit cracking degree aggravated with the peel Ca content decreased.There were very significantly positive correlations between the flesh soluble solids content and the total length of single fruit cracks,and significantly positive correlation between the flesh soluble solids content and the average depth of cracks.Cutin layer thickness was found significantly positively correlated with the average width and depth of cracks.There were very significantly positive correlations among the peel N and Mg contents and the total length of single fruit cracks,the average width and depth of cracks and the average cracks number of single fruit;there were significantly negative correlations among the peel K contents and the average width of cracks,the average cracks number of single fruit;there were significantly negative correlations among the flesh K content and the total length of single fruit cracks,the average width and depth of cracks and the average cracks number of single fruit.There were significantly or very significantly positive correlations among the peel N/K,N/Ca,P/Ca and K/Ca ratio and the total length of single fruit cracks,the average width and depth of cracks and the average cracks number of single fruit.There were significantly or very significantly negative correlations among the peel K/Mg,Ca/Mg and K/Mg ratio and the total length of single fruit cracks,t

关 键 词：苹果 裂果 果肉开裂 角质层 矿质元素 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]