枸杞岛马尾藻场铜藻的生命史与形态特征  

Life history and morphology of Sargassum horneri from the Sargassum seaweed bed of Gouqi Island

作　　者：陈亮然 章守宇[1] 陈彦[1] 赵旭[1] 周曦杰[1] 陈瀛洲 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2015年第8期1218-1229,共12页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41176110);国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201005013-3)

摘　　要：为了研究枸杞岛马尾藻场铜藻在整个生命周期内的生命史征及形态特征,首次对枸杞岛马尾藻场铜藻的周年生长与繁殖情况进行跟踪调查,并对株高、叶片、气囊和生殖托等16个相关的生物学参数的变化进行研究。实验结果表明,根据铜藻生命史内生物学结构的发生情况,可将铜藻在全年中的生长情况分为以下4个阶段:(1)幼苗期,在7—8月的幼苗期藻体仅由枝干、侧枝及叶片构成,期间植株以1.52 mm/d的速率生长;(2)成藻期,8月至翌年4月的成藻期植株分别在9、11及翌年4月出现气囊、次侧枝以及生殖托,铜藻的生物学结构得到完善,期间植株以2.01 mm/d的速率生长;(3)繁殖期,4月生殖托的出现标志着铜藻进入繁殖期,而5月卵子的集中散放标志着铜藻进入繁殖期的"顶点",期间植株以3.80 mm/d的速率生长;(4)衰老和凋亡期,在5—6月的衰老及凋亡期植株不断老化并伴随着生物结构的解体,由于少数未成熟个体的补充而使得植株达到0.99 mm/d的生长速率。在所检测的16个生物学参数中,铜藻的株高、个体生物量和主侧枝长度等10个参数呈现明显的季节变动(P<0.05),马尾藻属中的这类暖温性物种展现出其介于热带物种和冷温性物种之间的物候学行为。个体内和个体间连续特征的稳定性分析表明,在10种铜藻形态学参数中主侧枝长度的稳定性最低(Ed=95),是最适宜用于种类鉴定工作的参数,这为马尾藻属种类的形态学研究及种类鉴定等工作中参数的选择提供依据。To study the life history processes and morphological traits of Sargassum horneri from the Sargassum seaweed bed of Gouqi Island,this study first conducted the investigation of the growth and reproduction during an annual cycle of Sargassum horneri,and 16 related biological parameters including individual length,blade,vesicle and receptacle were analyzed. Experimental results showed that growth of Sargassum horneri can be divided into 4 phases within the year according to the occurrence of different biological structures in its life history ：（ 1） seedling period during July to August,during which plants consist of stalk,branch and blade briefly,plants growwith an average rate of 1. 52 mm / d;（ 2） adult period during August to April of next year,all biological structures were consummated and successively recorded the occurrence of vesicle,secondary branch and receptacle in September,November and April of next year respectively,and plants growwith an average rate of 2. 01 mm / d;（ 3） reproduction period during April to M ay,the occurrence of receptacles indicated the arrival of reproduction period,while the concentrated dispersion of ovums indicates the arrival of ＂climax ＂ of reproduction period,and plants growwith an average rate of 3. 80 mm / d;（ 4） senescence and degeneration period during M ay to June,the majority of plants begin ageing with detachment of biological structures,while the average growth rate of plants reaches0. 99 mm / d due to the supplement of immature individual. In the 16 biological parameters detected,10 parameters including length,individual biomass and primary branch length showed a significant seasonal variation（ P 0. 05）. This warm-temperate species exhibited a phenological behavior intermediate between tropical and cold-temperate species of Sargassum. Analysis of within- and between-individual stability of 10 morphological parameters indicated the lowest stability of primary branch length（ Ed = 95）,which belongs to the best parameters for distinguishing sp

关 键 词：马尾藻场 铜藻 形态学 季节变动 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]