增施有机肥对稻田田面水磷素形态和径流流失量的影响  

Impact of Organic Fertilization on Dynamics of Phosphorus Forms in Floodwater and P Runoff from Paddy Field

作　　者：金熠[1] 梁新强[1] 刘于[2] 赵越[1] 张翼翔[1] 朱武康 田光明[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学生命科学学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第4期42-47,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07101-012);国家自然科学基金项目(41271314)

摘　　要：选取浙江省嘉兴市双桥农场的稻田开展田间试验,结合降雨等自然条件研究增施有机肥对稻田田面水中不同粒径磷素的浓度和磷素径流流失量的影响,并利用液态磷核磁共振（31 P NMR）技术对施肥前、后1d田面水中磷素的化学形态进行分析。结果表明,施用有机肥显著提高了稻田田面水中总磷（TP）的浓度,施肥后第1天迅速达到峰值：高（M3）、中（M2）、低（M1）3种施肥量处理的田面水TP浓度（8.37-17.77mg/L）分别是不施肥处理（ck）的18.6,32.8,39.5倍。施肥后前5d田面水TP浓度较高,随着时间的推移,TP、溶解态磷（DP）和胶体态磷（Pcoll）的浓度变化规律相同,都呈现逐渐下降的趋势;3种施肥处理中DP占TP的百分比波动较大（25%-80%）,总体呈现随时间逐渐下降的趋势,但是Pcoll占TP的百分比稳定在9%-22%。31P NMR谱检测结果表明,施肥前、后1d田面水中磷素主要的赋存形态是正磷酸盐（占TP的88%-96%）,磷酸单酯次之（占TP的4%-11%）;在施肥后第1天,正磷酸盐所占比例随着有机肥用量增加而增加,磷酸单酯所占比例随有机肥用量增加而减少;磷酸二酯和聚磷酸盐的含量较少,增施有机肥对两者的影响不大。稻田TP径流流失量随有机肥施用量的增加而增加,最高值（0.983kg/hm2）出现在M3处理下;M1,M2,M3处理下的TP径流流失量存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）,但磷素径流流失率均不超过当季施磷总量的2%。To investigate the impact of organic fertilization on dynamics of floodwater phosphorus（P）forms and runoff from paddy field under natural conditions,a field-scale experiment was established on Shuangqiao farmland in Jiaxing city,Zhejiang province.31 P nuclear magnetic resonance（31 P NMR）was employed to analyze the specific P forms in floodwater 1day before and after fertilization.The results showed that organic fertilization significantly increased total P（TP）concentration in floodwater and the highest value appeared at1 day after fertilization.Compared with control,application of swine manure at high（M3）,middle（M2）and low（M1）rates increased TP concentration（the range of 8.37 to 17.77mg/L）to 18.6,32.8and 39.5times,respectively.Phosphorus concentration of floodwater was high in the first 5days after fertilization.All concentrations of TP,dissolved P（DP）and colloidal P（Pcoll）showed a similar trend and declined with time.Proportion of DP declined with time and fluctuated between 25%to 80% under three fertilization treatments while proportion of Pcolldid not fluctuate much,occupying 9%to 22% of TP.31 P NMR spectra showed that orthophosphate was the major P form（88%to 96% of TP）,followed by orthophosphate monoesters（4%to11% of TP）.At day 1,fertilization increased the proportion of orthophosphate but decreased the proportion of orthophosphate monoesters,while organic fertilization had no significant influence on diesters and polyphosphate.Floodwater P runoff load increased with fertilization rates and the highest was 0.983 kg P/hm2 under M3 treatment.There were significant differences of TP runoff load between M1,M2 and M3（P〈0.05）,whereas the runoff rate of TP didn＇t exceed 2% of local P fertilization.

关 键 词：胶体 径流 磷形态 田面水 31P核磁共振 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]