不同覆盖措施对鄂西土地整治区水土流失的影响  

Effects of Different Mulching Patterns on Water and Soil Loess in Land Restoration Area of Western Hubei

作　　者：徐大兵[1] 邓建强[2] 上官力[2] 覃永生 佀国涵[1] 袁家富[1] 赵书军[1] 王瑞[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [2]湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第4期53-56,109,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：湖北省农业科技创新项目(2011-620-003-03-05);湖北省烟草公司科技项目(027Y2013-004)

摘　　要：在土地整治区建立12°坡度径流小区，定量研究了自然降雨条件下前期地膜覆盖（前膜）、前期地膜后期秸秆覆盖（前膜后秸秆）、全生育期地膜覆盖（全膜）和裸露处理对土地整治区水土流失的影响。结果表明，前膜后秸秆处理2013年和2014年径流总量分别比前膜、全膜处理减少了61．10％和43．10％，37．32％和14．71％，径流泥沙损失量分别减少了82．71％和40．38％，67．13％和4．25％。前膜后秸秆处理2013年和2014年地表径流占总径流量62．04％和55．49％。全膜处理地表径流量和地表径流泥沙损失量分别占42．81％～43．98％和37．65％～44．65％。前膜、前膜后秸秆和裸露地表径流泥沙损失量占全部径流的55．00％～88．00％。与裸露相比，不同覆盖措施增加了0．25～1mm土粒的流失。总之，前膜后秸秆作为一种有效的覆盖措施能够减少土地整治区域水土流失。By setting up runoff plots with slopes of 12 degrees in land restoration area of western Hubei,the effects of 3mulching treatments（film mulching at early growth stage,film mulching at early growth stage and rice straw mulching at late growth stage,and film mulching during whole growth period）and a bare land treatment on water and soil loss under natural rainfall condition were studied.The results showed that compared to treatments with film mulching at early growth stage and during whole growth period,treatment with film mulching at early growth stage and rice straw mulching at late growth stage decreased runoff yield respectively by 61.10% and 43.10%in 2013,and by 37.32% and 14.71% in 2014,and also respectively reduced sediment loss in runoff by 82.71% and 40.38%in 2013,and by 67.13% and 4.25%in 2014.In treatment with film mulching at early growth stage and rice straw mulching at late growth stage,the surface runoff yield accounted for 62.04% and 55.49% of total runoff yield in 2013 and 2014,respectively.In treatment with film mulching during whole growth period,the surface runoff yield accounted for 42.81%to43.98% of total runoff yield,while the sediment yield in surface runoff occupied 37.65%to 44.65% of total sediment yield.In all treatments except treatment with film mulching during whole growth period,the sediment loss in surface runoff accounted for 55.00% to 88.00% of total sediment yield.Compared to bare land treatment,the mulching treatments increased the loss of 0.25 mm to 1mm soil aggregate.Therefore,water and soil loss can be effectively reduced in soil restoration area by using film mulch at early growth stage and rice straw mulch at late growth stage.

关 键 词：土地整治 水土流失 壤中流 地表径流 团粒结构 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]