氮素供应与秸秆还田对设施菜田土壤硝态氮淋溶的动态影响  

Impact of Nitrogen Supply and Straw Application on Dynamics of Soil Nitrate Leaching in Greenhouse Vegetable Field

作　　者：王伟[1] 梁斌[1] 康凌云[2] 郑媛媛 李俊良[1] 陈清[2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100091 [3]龙口市农业局,山东龙口265701

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第4期61-65,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31401947);"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题项目(2012BAD15B01-4);公益性行业(农业)科研专项"农作物最佳养分管理技术研究与应用"(201103003)

摘　　要：通过布置的设施菜田土壤淋溶装置，研究了长期不同施肥处理（不施肥NN、有机物料MNS、优化施氮SN、传统施氮CN和秸秆还田）对设施菜田土壤硝态氮淋溶（90cm）的影响。结果表明，整个生育期不同的施肥处理之间硝态氮淋溶存在显著差异，淋溶量大小均表现为CN〉SN〉MNS〉NN，分别为475，295，239，176kg／hm^2，2013年秋冬季和2014年冬春季淋溶范围分别为84～187kg／hm^2和92～288kg／hm^2；2014年冬春季硝态氮淋溶量高于2013年秋冬季，高出53．9％；番茄不同生长时期硝态氮淋溶量不同，淋溶主要集中在番茄的生长前期，生长前期淋溶最大比重达到63．9％，生长后期最小的淋溶比重仅为5．5％。2013年秋冬季CN和CN＋S、2014年冬春季SN和SN＋S以及CN和CN＋S之间差异均达到了显著性水平，秸秆还田处理一年共减少了207kg／hm^2硝态氮的淋溶，说明秸秆还田降低硝态氮淋溶量。Through arranging soil leaching device in greenhouse vegetable field,this experiment studied the effects of different long-term fertilizer treatments（no nitrogen NN,organic materials MNS,optimized nitrogen SN,traditional nitrogen CN and straw application）on nitrate leaching（90cm）of greenhouse vegetable soil.The results showed that nitrate leaching between the different fertilization treatments had significant differences in full growth period,and nitrate leaching amount was embodied in CN〉SN〉MNS〉NN,presenting 475,295,239,176kg/hm2,respectively.During autumn-winter of 2013 and winter-spring of 2014,the range of nitrate leaching was 84kg/km2 to 187kg/hm2 and 92kg/km2 to 288kg/hm2 separately.The amount of nitrate leaching in winter-spring of 2014 was 53.9% higher than that in autumn-winter of 2013.The amounts of nitrate leaching were different at different growth stages of tomato,which mainly concentrated at early growth stage,with the largest leaching proportion of 63.9%at early growth stage and the minimal leaching proportion of 5.5% at the late growth stage.Differences between the CN and CN＋S in autumn-winter of 2013,SN and SN＋S,CN and CN＋S in winter-spring of 2014 have reached a significant level,and nitrate leaching amount reduced by 207kg/hm2 a year,indicating that straw application can reduce the amount of nitrate leaching.

关 键 词：设施菜地 硝态氮 淋溶 秸秆施用 

分 类 号：S158.5[农业科学—土壤学] S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]