旱地春玉米地表覆盖对土壤硝态氮残留的影响  

Effect of Soil Surface Mulching on Residual Nitrate Nitrogen in Soil of Spring Maize Field in Dryland

作　　者：解文艳[1,2] 周怀平[1] 杨振兴[1] 关春林[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,太原030031 [2]太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院,太原030024

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第4期158-164,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030-08-03);"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划项目(2012BAD09B01-1);山西省科技攻关项目(20130311009-3);山西省回国留学人员科研项目(2013-149);农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室基金资助项目

摘　　要：在山西晋中旱塬进行了6年定点定位田间春玉米试验,研究了旱地不同地表覆盖栽培模式对土壤硝态氮残留累积的影响。结果表明,不同覆盖耕作处理对春玉米吸氮量有显著影响,地表覆盖处理春玉米吸氮量均显著高于无覆盖处理,比无覆盖处理增加10.04%-26.29%;种植春玉米6a后,无覆盖（CK）、渗水地膜覆盖（S）、渗水地膜与行间秸秆覆盖（SJ）、普通地膜覆盖（P）、普通地膜与行间秸秆覆盖（PJ）和秸秆覆盖（J）处理中0—300cm土层硝态氮储量依次为818.32,555.42,450.25,421.49,511.49,399.96kg/hm2,CK处理NO3--N主要分布于60-220cm土层,S、SJ、P、PJ和J处理NO3--N主要分布于160—300cm土层;不同降水年型,地表覆盖均能降低氮素在土壤中的累积,但其累积深度有所不同;干旱年份,地表覆盖处理增加0—100cm土层土壤硝态氮的累积,有效降低深层土壤硝态氮的累积;丰水年,地表覆盖处理增加了深层土壤中的硝态氮累积,甚至部分肥料氮已被淋洗到玉米根区以外。因此,应采取合理的覆盖耕作措施减少土壤剖面中NO3--N的累积量。To study the effect of different soil surface mulching treatments on the residual nitrate nitrogen content of dryland soil,a long-term experiment was conducted for 6years in spring maize field on dryland in Jinzhong,Shanxi Province.The results showed that there were significant differences in the effect of different mulching treatments on the nitrogen uptake of spring maize.Compared to treatment without mulching,soil surface mulching treatments increased the nitrogen uptake of spring maize from 10.04% to26.29%.After 6years of spring maize planting,the nitrate nitrogen content in 0—300cm soil was 818.32kg/hm2 in treatment without mulching（CK）,555.42kg/hm2 in treatment with water-permeability plastic film mulching（S）,450.25kg/hm2 in treatment with water-permeability plastic film mulching and straw mulching between rows（SJ）,421.49kg/hm2 in treatment with common plastic film mulching（P）,511.49kg/hm2 in treatment with common plastic film mulching and straw mulching between rows（PJ）,and 399.96kg/hm2 in treatment with straw mulching between rows（J）.In CK treatment,NO3-- N was mainly distributed in 60—220cm soil layer,and in soil surface mulching treatments（S,SJ,P,PJ and J）,NO3--N was mainly distributed in 160—300cm soil layer.In years with different precipitation,soil surface mulching could reduce the content of nitrate nitrogen accumulated in soil of different depth.In dry years,soil surface mulching treatments increased nitrate nitrogen accumulation in 0—100cm soil layer and effectively decreased it in subsoil,while in wet years,soil surface mulching increased nitrate nitrogen accumulation in subsoil and a proportion of fertilizer nitrogen was even leached away from root zone of maize.As a result,appropriate mulching measures should be taken to reduce nitrate nitrogen accumulation in the soil profiles.

关 键 词：地膜覆盖 秸秆覆盖 残留硝态氮 旱地 春玉米 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S158.2