不同处理牛粪对植菜土壤腐殖质结构特征的影响  

Effects of Different Cow Dung Treatments on Humus Structure of Vegetable Planting Soil

作　　者：孟安华[1] 吴景贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第4期223-228,266,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"东北与黄淮海粮食主产区适应气候变化技术研发与应用"(2013BAC09B01);吉林省科技厅重点科技成果转化项目"高效多功能夹心肥料的示范与推广"(20130303035NY)

摘　　要：通过元素组成分析法、红外光谱分析法(IR)、核磁共振光谱分析法(13 C-NMR)等现代分析方法,研究施用新鲜牛粪、腐解牛粪和蛴螬牛粪2a后对植菜轮作土壤胡敏酸(HA)和富里酸(FA)的影响。结果表明,与单施化肥(CK)相比,不同牛粪处理对植菜土壤胡敏酸和富里酸的元素组成影响有较大的差异,各牛粪处理均引发植菜土壤胡敏酸C含量和C/H降低,O含量、O/C和(N+O)/C升高,富里酸C含量和C/N升高,N、O含量和O/C降低,降低了植菜土壤胡敏酸的缩合程度,升高了土壤胡敏酸的氧化程度和极性,降低了植菜土壤富里酸的氧化程度。不同牛粪处理使植菜土壤胡敏酸的脂肪族化合物减少,且均含有苯基碳、酚羟基C、芳香醚和(或)与O、N等取代基邻、对位的连H芳香C,使芳构化程度增加,富里酸的脂肪族化合物增加,芳香类、羧基类化合物减少,芳构化程度降低。不同牛粪处理的植菜土壤未改变土壤腐殖质的基本结构特征,只引起植菜土壤的结构单元和官能团数量上的差异。Through elements analysis,infrared spectroscopy（IR）,nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（13C- NMR）and other modern analysis methods,researchers study the effects of fresh cow dung,decomposed cow dung and grubs cow dung treatments on soil Hu Min acid（HA）and fulvic acid（FA）in planting vegetable rotation for two years.Compared with chemical fertilizers（H）,different manure handling have a greater impact on differences in the composition of vegetable planting soil humic acid and fulvic acid elements,each cow treatments lead to planting vegetables in soil humic acid C content and C/H reduces,O content,O/C and N ＋ O/C increases,the content of fulvic acid C and C/N rises,N,O content and O/C decreased,reducing the soil planting vegetables Hu the degree of condensation of the acid-sensitive,increased soil humic acid oxidation and polarity,reducing planting vegetables in soil fulvic acid oxidation.Different manure processing plant vegetables make aliphatic compounds reduce soil humic acids and contain phenyl carbon phenolic hydroxyl C,aromatic ethers and（or）with O,N and other substituents adjacent to the position even aromatic C H,so that the degree of structure of the aryl increased,increasing the aliphatic compound fulvic acid,aromatic,carboxy reducing compounds,reducing the degree of aromatization.Planting vegetables in different soil manure treatment did not change the basic structure of the soil humus,causing the only difference on the number of plant food and soil structural units of functional groups.

关 键 词：牛粪 腐殖质 胡敏酸 富里酸 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]