江苏不同居群狗尾草叶片解剖特征的比较研究  

Comparative Studies on Leaf Anatomical Characteristics of Setaria viridis in Different Populations in Jiangsu

作　　者：陈洁[1] 李玉双[1] 庞莉莉[1] 王庆亚[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学生命科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《植物科学学报》2015年第4期448-457,共10页Plant Science Journal

基　　金：江苏省生物物种资源调查(T2010-1)

摘　　要：为揭示不同居群狗尾草(Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv.)叶片解剖特征的差异,了解不同生境下叶片形态的变异,本研究以江苏15个狗尾草居群为材料,采用石蜡切片法和改良的叶表皮制备方法对叶表皮及叶片横切面结构特征进行了显微观察和测定,并通过变异系数、主成分分析和聚类分析对叶表皮及叶片横切面的主要性状进行分析。结果表明,不同居群狗尾草的17个表型性状变异丰富,叶片中脉厚度和下表皮细胞厚度的变异程度较大;叶片厚度、平行脉维管束高度和宽度、叶中脉厚度、中脉维管束高度和宽度等指标是造成狗尾草不同居群表型差异的主要因素,同时这些结构特征也分别反映了狗尾草叶片的输导和支撑能力、表皮气孔器的特征和叶片抗逆能力。聚类分析结果显示,狗尾草的15个居群被划分为3类,且与生境分布基本吻合,即:水边和盐碱地居群、荒地居群、山地居群狗尾草的叶片厚度、维管束直径、泡状细胞厚度和气孔密度均依次增大,但气孔体积依次减小,表明这3个类群随海拔的升高抗旱性依次增强。本实验狗尾草叶片在不同生境中产生的不同程度变异分析对狗尾草的生态适应性研究具有重要意义。We investigated leaf variations under different environments to reveal the differences in leaf anatomical characteristics of Setaria viridis（ L.） Beauv. among 15 populations from Jiangsu Province. Using paraffin sections and improved methods,microscopic observation and measurement were performed to determine the characteristics of the epidermis and transverse section of S. viridis leaves. Coefficient of variation,principal component analysis and cluster analysis showed that 17 anatomical characteristics in the leaf epidermis and transverse section from the different populations exhibited marked variations. Among these characteristics,thickness of midrib and abaxial epidermis showed the largest coefficient of variation. Principal component analysis indicated that thickness of leaf,height and width of parallel bundles,thickness of midrib,and height and width of midrib bundle were prominent in phenotypic variations. These structural characteristics showed the transporting and supporting capacity,features of stomata and anti-adversity ability of leaves. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the 15 different populations could be classified into three groups,which matched with the population distributions. Thickness of leaf,height and width of vascular bundles,thickness ofbulliform cells and stomata density increased gradually among populations on the waterside and in alkaline land,wasteland and mountainous regions with decreasing stomata size,while drought resistance increased in order. These results suggested different variations under different environments,which is of great importance to the ecological adaptability of S. viridis.

关 键 词：狗尾草 居群 叶片表皮 解剖结构 

分 类 号：Q944.5[生物学—植物学]