涝渍胁迫下夏玉米的灌浆特征及其动态模拟  

Analysis of the dynamics and characteristics of grain filling in summer maize under waterlogging stress

作　　者：余卫东[1,2] 冯利平[2] 盛绍学[3] 石磊[3] 李德 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局/河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室,郑州450003 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]安徽省气象局,合肥230001 [4]安徽省宿州市农业气象试验站,宿州234000

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2015年第9期1142-1149,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201006041);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2013CB430205)资助

摘　　要：为研究拔节期和抽雄期涝渍胁迫对黄淮地区夏玉米生长及灌浆过程的影响,在田间条件下以玉米品种‘浚单20’为试验材料,分别设置拔节期淹水3 d（JF3）、淹水5 d（JF5）、渍水5 d（JW5）、渍水7 d（JW7）和渍水10 d（JW10）,抽雄期淹水3 d（TF3）、淹水5 d（TF5）、渍水5 d（TW5）、渍水7 d（TW7）和渍水10 d（TW10）,共10个处理。其中淹水处理为田间积水深度5 cm;渍水处理为田间无积水,但土壤含水量在田间持水量的90%以上。对照小区的土壤含水量保持在田间持水量的70%-80%。通过Logistic方程分别拟合了淹水和渍水条件下玉米籽粒灌浆持续时间、灌浆速率、理论千粒重等灌浆特征。结果表明,拔节期和抽雄期涝渍胁迫减少了灌浆期总天数,且主要表现为粒重快速增长期和缓增期天数减少。淹水3-5 d灌浆天数缩短0.2-18.9 d,渍水5-10 d灌浆天数缩短2.2-7.6 d。淹水3 d平均灌浆速率（Va）增加8.2%-9.9%,淹水5 d Va下降10.8%-20.9%。各渍水处理下的平均灌浆速率降低0.4%-5.2%,且下降幅度随渍水天数增加而增加。淹水3 d的理论最大千粒重（W0）和实测千粒重（Wa）比对照增加,而淹水5 d及各渍水处理的W0和Wa均低于对照,实测值与模拟值表现出一致的增减趋势。模拟值与实测值结果对比分析显示,Logistic方程可能高估涝渍胁迫对千粒重的影响。In order to investigate the effects of waterlogging stress during jointing and tasseling stages on the grain filling of summer maize, field experiments were conducted during summer maize growth seasons in 2011 and 2012. ‘Xundan20＇, a widely cultivated maize variety in the Huang-Huai Plain, was used in the study. Ten treatments were set up at jointing and tasseling stages, including surface waterlogging for 3 or 5 days（JF3 or JF5）, and subsurface waterlogging for 5, 7 or 10 days（JW5, JW7 or JW10） at jointing stage; and surface waterlogging for 3 or 5 days（TF3 or TF5）, and subsurface waterlogging for 5, 7 or 10 days（TW5, TW7 or TW10） at tasseling stage. In the surface waterlogging treatments, 5 cm depth of water layer was maintained on the soil surface. In the subsurface waterlogging treatments, soil water content was maintained above 90% of field capacity without free water layer on the soil surface. In addition, soil moistures of about 70% and 80% field capacity were set as the control treatments respectively for surface waterlogging（CK1） and subsurface waterlogging（CK2）. Logistic regression model was used to simulate the effects of surface waterlogging and subsurface waterlogging on the parameters of grain filling, such as grain filling duration, mean grain filling rate and theoretical maximum 1000-seed weight of summer maize. The results showed that waterlogging stress decreased the duration of grain filling mainly due to decreases in the durations of middle and late grain filling phases. Surface waterlogging for 3 to 5 days decreased grain filling duration by 0.2 to 18.9 days whereas subsurface waterlogging for 5 to 10 days decreased grain filling duration by 2.2 to 7.6 days. Compared with CK, surface waterlogging for 3 days at jointing or tasseling stage resulted in an average increase of 8.2%？9.9% in mean grain filling rate. Also for 5 days of surface waterlogging, mean grain filling rate decreased by 10.8%？20.9%. Subsurface waterlogging for 5 to 10 days resulted in an average

关 键 词：涝渍胁迫 夏玉米 灌浆 LOGISTIC方程 黄淮地区 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]