塔里木河近期治理评估及对编制流域综合规划建议  

Short term evaluation and advice of compiling planning for the Tarim River Basin in future

作　　者：徐海量[1] 樊自立[1] 杨鹏年[2] 玉米提.哈力克 艾力西尔.库尔班 阿不都米吉提[1] 凌红波[1] 赵新风[1] 张鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆农业大学水利水电学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆大学资源环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2015年第4期645-651,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30970549;41171427);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201101049)

摘　　要：从2001年《塔里木河近期治理规划》经国务院批准实施以来,取得了显著成效。累计向大西海子水库以下输水43.0×108m3,平均每年下泄3.3×108m^3,累计补给地下水25.0×108m^3,使地下水埋深由8-12 m上升到4.0 m以内,达到适合天然植被生长的深度。乔、灌、草面积分别增长2.4倍、0.36倍和1.8倍,2006年恒定植被面积达到570 km^2,2010年植被覆盖面积为1 000 km^2;植物种类由输水前的9科13属17种增加到输水后的15科36属46种。水域面积明显扩大,进水河道长度增加156.2 km,河水漫溢面积174.6 km^2,连续干涸17 a的台特玛水域面积189.7 km^2（包括康纳克湿地）。沙漠化得到逆转,由以前的年增长0.27%变为-0.30%,使塔克拉玛干沙漠和库鲁克沙漠已不可能合拢,218国道基本无沙害,畅通无阻。为了使现正在编制的流域规划能够顺利通过国家评审、立项和实施,建议规划中应强调流域生态环境脆弱和社会经济发展滞后,干旱、风沙、盐碱危害严重,是国家级连片扶贫区,这些问题都必须通过合理规划水资源利用、提高用水效益,强化管理和调控来解决。The《short term planning of the Tarim River》has made remarkable success since 2001 when it was approved and implemented by the state council. The accumulated transferring water was 43.0 × 108m3,the annual transferred water was 3.3 × 108m^3,and the accumulated volume supplied to groundwater come to 25.0×108m^3which lift the depth of groundwater table from 8-12 m up to 4 m,and is suitable for the natural vegetation growth. The area of arbor,shrub and grass has been raised 2.4 times,0.36 times,and 1.8 times,respectively. The vegetation coverage was 570 km^2 in 2006,and 1 000 km^2 in 2010. The species was increased from 9 families,13 genera,17 species before the water-transfer to 15 families,36 genera,and 46 species after the water-transfer. Water area was significantly expended,the channel length was increased by 156.2 km,the area of overflowed was174.6 km^2,the water area of Taitema lake was 189.7 km^2（including Kangnake wetland）which had been dry up for 17 years. Desertification has been reversed,the average annual growth rate decreased from 0.27% to-0.30%,which made the impossibility of the join of the Taklimakan Desert and the Kuluke Desert,and there was nearly totally unimpeded and was no sand damage in the national road. In order to make the Tarim River Basin planning being compiled pass the national review,project approving,and implement,this paper suggest it should be emphasized the fragility of ecological environment and the lagging of social economic development of the Tarim River Basin,and the harm of drought,blown-sandy,and saline-alkaline were serious,and stable distributed national poverty-stricken regions. All these questions above must be solved through rational planning of water resources utilization,improving water use efficiency,and strengthening management and regulation.

关 键 词：治理效益评估 综合规划建议 塔里木河 

分 类 号：TV882.8[水利工程—水利水电工程]