用水保证率内涵、计算及应用探讨  

Connotation, calculation and application of guarantee rate of water use

作　　者：侯保灯[1,2] 高而坤[2,3] 占许珠 吴永祥[2] 王建华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038 [2]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210029 [3]水利部水资源司,北京100053 [4]北京中水新华国际工程咨询有限公司,北京100044

出　　处：《中国水利》2015年第17期12-15,27,共5页China Water Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51109138);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201301002)

摘　　要：用水保证率与水文频率、供水保证率等概念及使用对象不同,反映用水户用水达到正常需求的程度,体现供水工程实际运行中供水的保障程度。用水保证率除可采用经验频率公式进行计算外,还可采用可靠度分析方法,且后者具有一定的优势。经探讨,用水保证率可应用于规划管理、水资源论证与取水许可管理、计划用水与定额管理、水权制度与水市场建设等最严格水资源管理制度中。目前亟须制订一套用水户用水保证率体系,并严格按照用水保证率进行供水及管理,合理对待保证率外用水户缺水现象;应明确水权中含有用水保证率的概念,不同保证率用水户的许可水量不能简单地全部转换,相同的许可水量在不同用水保证率下许可时间不等。Guarantee rate of water use, differentiating from hydrological frequency and reliability of water supply in terms of concept and users, can reflect the degree of water demand and reliability of water supply during real operation of water utilities. Despite of empirical frequency formula, reliability analysis method can be adopted for calculating guarantee rate of water use, and the latter has certain advantages. Guarantee rate of water use may be adopted for implementing stringent water resources management system, especially plan management, water resources assessment, water permit administration, water use planning and quota management, water right system and market establishment. At present, there is an urgent need of building a safeguarding system for water use and providing water in line with guarantee rate of water use, in order to properly deal with water shortage of other users outside the safeguarding system. Clarification should be given to the definition of water right that should contain the concept of guarantee rate of water use. The permitted water use under different guarantee rates cannot be transferred entirely and the time of permitted water use varies under different guarantee rates even the permitted water is the same.

关 键 词：水资源管理 用水保证率 内涵 可靠度分析 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]