用人体平面刚体模型分析太极拳在水平作用力下的力学原理  

Analyze Taijiquan by Rigid Human Plane Model under Horizontal Force

作　　者：顾杰[1] 郭振兴[1] 吕蒙[1] 

机构地区：[1]邯郸学院太极文化学院,河北邯郸056005

出　　处：《邯郸学院学报》2015年第2期82-107,共26页Journal of Handan University

摘　　要：为实现太极拳的力学分析,率先提出和建立了人体平面刚体模型。刚体模型简括了人体构架、质量、速度、水平攻击力、重力、地面反力、摩擦力等因素。应用该模型对太极拳进行水平作用力下的力学分析,得出了五个重要结论,即人体的重心要在支撑面内以维持稳定平衡;脚底打滑和失根是维持稳定平衡的两种临界条件;在临界条件内人体平衡,超过任何一个临界条件将导致人体失去平衡;水平攻击力来自脚底的摩擦力、人的整体动量和肢体相对运动的动量;内劲造就动量和传递力。还通过数学计算,推导出太极拳套路训练和推手竞技中保持平衡的临界条件和相应计算公式,并用算例演示了太极拳"发劲如放箭"、"引进落空"、"牵动四两拨千斤"等技术技巧的力学原理,为太极拳的运动生物力学深入研究奠定了基础。For the first time this article proposes a human rigid body model to do a mechanical analysis for Taijiquan. The model comprises the common mechanical conditions, including the frame, mass, speed, attacking force, gravity, normal horizontal force, friction forces, etc. The model is analyzed by dynamic laws for taijiquan, which results in a few important conclusions. The gravity center should be inside the supporting area to maintain the balance. Skidding and root loss are two critical points. The body is in balance within the critical points. Beyond one of the critical point, the body will eventually loose balance. The horizontal attacking force comes from the friction force, the body overall momentum, and the momentum of the relative motion between limbs. Interior strength has two aspects： creating momentum and transfer force. The interior strength creates body momentum and transfer force. The balancing critical points are calculated for taiji solo and push hand. Numerical examples demonstrate the classical techniques of ＂throw like an arrow＂, ＂bring in to empty＂, ＂four ounces deflect thousand pound＂

关 键 词：太极拳 力学分析 人体平面刚体模型 

分 类 号：G852.11[文化科学—民族体育]