敞篷牛舍接力送风及饲粮添加铬改善肉牛生产性能  

Fanning in open-topped cowshed and chromium added to diet improving growth performance of heat-stressed beef cattle

作　　者：蔡景义[1,2] 冯堂超 师筑俊 廖阔遥 易宗容[4] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,成都611130 [2]四川省牛低碳养殖与安全生产高校重点实验室,成都611130 [3]四川宜宾市畜产品安全检测中心,宜宾644000 [4]四川宜宾职业技术学院,宜宾644000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第15期191-195,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(201303145)

摘　　要：为了解肉牛舍安装接力送风和饲粮中添加烟酸铬对肉牛生长性能、肉牛生理和牛舍环境的影响,研究了南方夏季安装接力送风机和饲粮添加铬对拴系敞篷饲养肉牛舍热环境及对肉牛日增质量的影响。试验采用双因素设计,选取36头平均体质量为392.8 kg的西杂肉牛,随机分成4个处理,处理1组牛舍安装风机,并在饲粮中添加烟酸铬;处理2安装风机,饲粮中不添加烟酸铬;处理3组不安装风机,但饲粮中添加烟酸铬;处理4(对照组)不安装风机,不添加烟酸铬。铬的添加量为800μg/kg,进行为期30 d生长试验。试验分别测定了牛舍的环境指标、肉牛生理指标和肉牛日增质量,并对经济效益进行了分析。结果如下:1安装接力送风机牛舍14:00平均室温可降低1.9℃(P<0.01),风速增加5.6倍(P<0.01),降低温湿指数(temperature and humidity index,THI)5.65%(P<0.01);2饲粮添加铬降低热应激肉牛呼吸频率2.37次/min(P<0.01),降低直肠温度0.18℃(P<0.01),安装风机降低呼吸频率6.97次/min(P<0.01),安装风机和饲粮添加铬对肉牛呼吸频率和直肠温度无交互作用。3处理1组肉牛平均日增质量比处理2、处理3和对照组分别提高了44.16%(P<0.05)、35.37%(P<0.05)和79.03%(P<0.05)。处理2组和处理3组比对照组平均日增质量提高了24.19%(P>0.05)和32.26%(P>0.05)。处理1组比对照组增加毛利8.72元/(头·d)。表明南方夏季肉牛舍安装风机和饲粮中添加铬800μg/kg均缓解了肉牛湿热应激,提高了平均日增质量和经济效益,二者结合使用效果较好。There are high moisture and temperature in summer in the Southern China, and moisture and hot stress impact the feed intake of livestock, further impact the production properties of cattle. Many measurements such as overshadowing on top of the barn, fanning, and spraying cooling, additive in diet etc, were used to relief the hot stress of livestock. To improving the production properties of cattle, fanning in open-topped cowshed combining with chromium added to diet were investigation. A 2×2 factorial trial was conducted to determine the effects of fanning and chromium added to diet on thermal environment, physiological indexes and growth performance of beef cattle in summer in the Southern China. Thirty-six Simmental crossbred beef cattle（ average body weight 392.8 kg） were chosen and randomly divided into 4 groups, and were raised in open feedlot barn for 30 days. In treatment 1（T1）, fans were installed and chromium nicotinate was added to beef cattle diet; In treatment 2（T2）, fans were only assembled; In treatment 3（T3）, chromium nicotinate was added to diet; In the control treatment（T4）, the beef cattle were raised in feedlot barn without fans and without chromium nicotinate in diet. The dosage of chromium was 800 μg/kg. The indexes such as environmental factors, temperature-humidity index, rectal temperature, respiration rate, average daily gain and economic benefits were collected. The results showed as following： 1） Compared with the control barn without fan, average room temperature was lower by 1.9℃（P 0.01）, wind speed was increased by 5.6 times（P 0.01）, THI reduce by 5.65%（P 0.01） in 14：00 in treatment barn with fan. 2） For the cattle suffered from the heat stress, the respiration rate was reduced by 2.37 times（P 0.01）, and rectal temperature were reduced by 0.18 ℃（P0.01） by chromium supplementation, and the respiration rate was reduced by 6.97 times（P 0.01） by fanning. No interaction effects on respiration rate and rectal temperature was obtaine

关 键 词：热应激 降温 风机 肉牛 牛舍 铬 

分 类 号：S823.92[农业科学—畜牧学]