负载PVDF的尼龙无纺布插层的碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的结构阻尼性能研究  

Studies on Structural Damping Properties of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites with Polyamide Nonwoven Fabric Modified by PVDF

作　　者：倪楠楠[1] 温月芳[1] 贺德龙[2] 益小苏[2] 许亚洪[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学院,杭州310027 [2]北京航空材料研究院,北京100095 [3]航天特种材料与工艺研究所,北京100074

出　　处：《高分子学报》2015年第9期1060-1069,共10页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(基金号2011CB605605);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划;项目号2015AA03A201)资助项目

摘　　要：以负载定量聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)的尼龙无纺布为插层材料,采用共固化工艺制备了碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料,并系统研究了其力学和阻尼性能.测试了复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、层间剪切强度、Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型断裂韧性等力学性能,并通过动态力学分析仪测试了复合材料的储能模量、损耗模量和损耗因子的温度谱,采用单悬臂梁自由振动实验研究了其阻尼减振性能.与此同时,采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜等分析了复合材料微观结构,进而研究了阻尼机理.结果表明,在复合材料层间插入负载PVDF的尼龙无纺布能在不引起力学性能明显下降的前提下,显著提高复合材料的阻尼性能和断裂韧性.其基本阻尼机理是在共固化过程中热塑性插层材料在复合材料的层间形成了具有较高损耗因子的富树脂区,使损耗因子提高150%,而力学性能基本保持不变.As a result of the capacities of good vibration damping and structural bearing,structural damping composites had a broad application prospect in many fields,such as aeronautics and astronautics,railway transport et al. A new kind of structural damping composite was prepared by interleaving polyamide nonwoven fabrics modified by PVDF between the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites via co-cured method,and the damping properties and mechanical properties were studied. The mechanical properties of the co-cured composites were measured,such as flexural strength,flexural modulus,interlaminar shear strength,fracture toughness of type I and type II,and the temperature spectra of storage modulus,loss modulus and loss factor were measured by dynamical mechanical analyzer（ DMA）. In addition,the vibration damping characteristics were tested by single cantilever beam vibration experiments,and the microstructure and damping mechanism of the co-cured composites were analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy at the same time. The obtained results indicated that the damping and fracture toughness can be significantly improved by inserting PNF modified by PVDF with comparatively low falling of mechanical properties. The basic damping mechanism was that some rich resin zones with high loss factor were formed in the interlamination of co-cured composites. The obtained improvement of the loss factor of composites was as high as 150%,without degrading mechanical properties obviously.

关 键 词：结构阻尼复合材料 损耗因子 PVDF 尼龙无纺布 离位增韧 

分 类 号：TQ323.5[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业] TB33[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]