农业机械化发展水平评价方法比较  

Comparision of evaluation method for agricultural mechanization development level

作　　者：卢秉福[1] 韩卫平[1] 朱明[2] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学农作物研究院,哈尔滨150080 [2]农业部规划设计研究院,北京100125

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2015年第16期46-49,共4页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C201239);黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目(11E058)资助

摘　　要：农业机械化发展水平是反映农业机械化发展的一个重要指标,是分析、衡量农业机械化发展的基础。目前普遍使用的农业机械化作业水平是根据种植业中的"耕、种、收"生产环节的机械化程度加权平均得到的;在农业机械化作业水平的基础上,将农业劳动力占全社会从业人员的比例纳入评价范围,对农业机械化作业水平进行修正,可得到农业机械化水平;而根据农业机械作业费用占农业劳动力、畜力和机械作业总费用的比例可得到农业机械化指数。对比分析农业机械化作业水平、农业机械化水平和农业机械化指数可以发现,农业机械化作业水平由于仅考虑了种植业中的"耕、种、收"生产环节的机械化程度,没有反映农业机械对农业劳动力的替代作用,不能准确反映农业机械化发展水平,更适于评价农业机械作业情况。而农业机械化水平和农业机械化指数既包含农业机械作业情况,也包含了农业机械对农业劳动力的替代作用,因此,能够更准确地反映农业机械化发展的真实情况。但由于农业机械化水平是在现行的农业机械化作业水平基础上修正而得到的,可操作性更强。The development level of agricultural mechanization is an important index to reflect the extent of agricultural mechanization, and also is the foundation to analyze and measure the grade of agricultural mechanization. The evaluating methods were researched for the development level of agricultural mechanization from the 2 aspects of agricultural mechanization operation and farming machines in place of peasants. According to the concept of agricultural mechanization, the basic characteristics of the agricultural mechanization development were scientifically revealed in different stages, which had the certain theoretical and practical significance. Currently the adopted agricultural mechanization operation level was obtained based on the weighted average method of agricultural mechanization degree of ＂farming＂, ＂planting＂ and ＂harvesting＂ in agricultural production process. Agricultural mechanization level was attained by the revision of agricultural mechanization operation level, which was adding the proportion of agricultural labors in total social workers in the evaluation system; agricultural mechanization index indicated the proportion of agricultural mechanization operation cost in total operation costs including mechanized, animal and manual operation costs. Through the comparative analysis among agricultural mechanization operation level, agricultural mechanization level and agricultural mechanization index, the results showed that agricultural mechanization operation level was suitable to evaluate agricultural mechanization operation degree, while could not truly assess the development of agricultural mechanization, because it only considered the mechanization level of the ＂farming＂, ＂planting＂ and ＂harvesting＂ links in agricultural production process, and did not reflect the effect of farming machines in place of farmers. Nevertheless, agricultural mechanization level and agricultural mechanization index could more accurately reflect the real situation of agricultural mechanization

关 键 词：农业机械 机械化 费用 农业机械化 发展水平 农业劳动力 农业机械化指数 

分 类 号：S23-01[农业科学—农业机械化工程]