秸秆还田地不同水氮条件对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Different Treatments of Fertilization and Irrigation on Rice Yield and Soil Fertility and Enzyme Activity in Wheat Straw Amendment Field

作　　者：王伟[1] 朱利群[2] 王文博[2] 胡乃娟[2] 张政文[2] 卞新民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]南京农业大学农学院,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2015年第4期43-48,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项"麦-稻两熟区高效环保农作模式与配套技术研究与示范"(201103001)

摘　　要：[目的]研究秸秆还田地不同水氮管理对水稻产量、土壤养分以及土壤酶活性的影响,为发展优质、高效生态农业提供理论支持。[方法]通过田间小区试验,设计了3种灌溉方式共9个处理,并设置3个麦秆不还田处理为对照。[结果]施氮量为225kg/hm2时,浅湿调控灌溉模式有利于控制水稻茎蘖量,降低水稻株高,形成合理的群体结构;不同水氮管理对水稻产量构成因素中的每穗总粒数、结实率无显著影响,水稻有效穗数受灌溉措施及施氮量的影响较大,浅湿调控灌溉可以显著提高水稻有效穗数和千粒重,从而提高水稻产量;施氮量为225kg/hm2时,浅湿调控灌溉可以有效提高土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、有效钾的含量。秸秆还田可以显著提高土壤蔗糖酶活性,降低土壤脲酶活性,而对土壤过氧化氢酶活性无显著影响。秸秆还田地施氮量为225kg/hm2时,浅湿调控灌溉对土壤蔗糖酶活性的提高最为显著,而不同水氮条件对土壤脲酶活性的影响并不显著。[结论]在秸秆还田地,当施氮量为225kg/hm2时,浅湿调控灌溉可以有效提高水稻产量及土壤肥力。[Objective] Field experiments were conducted to study effects of different treatments of fertiliza- tion and irrigation on rice yield, soil nutrient and enzyme activity under straw amendment, and to provide theoretical support for the development of high quality, highly effective ecoagriculture.[Methods] Through field experiment, we designed three kinds of irrigation patterns and three nitrogen levels, total of nine experimental treatments, and set up three no straw treatments as a control. [Results] The application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 225 kg/hm^2, the shallow wetland regulation irrigation mode can help control the tiller, reduce plant height, form a reasonable population structure. Different treatments of fertilization and irrigation had no significant effect on rice per panicle, seed setting rate, shallow wetlands regulation irrigation mode can effectively improve rice panicles and grain weight, thus improving rice yield. The rate of fertilizer was 225 kg/hm^2 , the shallow wetlands regulation irrigation mode can effectively improve the amount of SOM （soil organic matter）, TN （tatl N）, AP （availale P）, AK（available K）. Straw amendment can significantly improve soil invertase activity, reduce soil urease activity, while the soil catalase activity had no significant change. In straw amendment field, rate of nitrogen fertilizer was 225 kg/hm^2 , the shallow wetlands regulation irrigation mode improved the most signifycantly on soil invertase activity, but different treatments of fertilization and irrigation did not significantly reduce the soil urease activity. [Conclusion] In straw amend- ment field, when the rate of fertilizer was 225 kg/hm^2 , shallow wetlands regulation irrigation mode can effectively improve rice yield and soil fertility.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 水肥耦合 水稻产量 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]