乌兰布和沙漠降水量对典型灌木群落结构及多样性的影响  

Effects of Precipitation on Shrub Community Structure and Diversity in Ulanbuh Desert

作　　者：黄雅茹[1] 辛智鸣[1] 郝玉光[1] 董礼隆 余新春[1] 葛根巴图[1] 马迎宾[1] 孔维春[1] 窦利军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心,内蒙古磴口015200

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2015年第4期79-84,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：十二五"农村领域国家科技计划项目"干旱区沙漠边缘防风固沙体系构建技术研究与试验示范"(2012BAD16B0103);国家林业局防沙治沙专题"乌兰布和沙漠东北部荒漠化定位监测

摘　　要：[目的]分析降水量对乌兰布和沙漠植被群落结构特征及多样性变化的影响,为乌兰布和沙漠植被保护与植物资源持续利用提供理论依据。[方法]应用2011—2013年固定样方调查数据和同期降水量资料,对乌兰布和沙漠典型灌木群落结构及物种多样性与年降水量的变化相关性进行分析。[结果]降水量对3个典型灌木群落物种数及分科有显著影响。降水量增加,驼绒藜群落物种数增加了5种(新增加2个科别),霸王群落物种数增加了12种(新增加2个科别),四合木群落物种数增加了12种(新增加6个科别);降水量对驼绒藜群落、霸王群落、四合木群落中1年生草本与多年生草本影响最大,对灌木与半灌木影响不大;降水量的增加提高了3个典型灌木群落物种丰富度与物种多样性,有效增加了四合木群落与驼绒藜群落的相似性,减小了两个群落之间的生境差异;降水量与3个典型灌木群落物种数、盖度、丰富度指数(R)、均匀度指数(E)、多样性指数均呈正相关关系,且相关系数均大于0.600 0。[结论]研究区内降水量对3个典型灌木群落物种数、盖度、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和多样性指数均具有显著影响。[Objective] Effects of precipitation on shrub community structure and diversity in Ulanbuh Desert were researched to provide theoretical basis for vegetation conservation and sustainable use of plant resources. [Methods] The relationships between precipitation ＆ community structure, and precipitation plant species diversity were analyzed using quadrat and precipitation data collected from 2011 to 2013. [Results] Rainfall could significantly affect the numbers of community species and families for three typical shrub communities of Ceratoides latens, Sarcozygium xanthoxylon and Tetraena mongolica. The increases of species and families in the three communities listed as follows as precipitation increased. The numbers of newly emerged species and families in the three communities were. 5 species and 2 families in the first communties, 12 species and 2 families in the second communties and 12 species and 6 families in the third communties. For the obvious effects of precipitation on annual herb and perennial herb were observed in three communities of Ceratoides latens, Sarcozygium xanthoxylon, Tetraena rnongolica, the effect on shrub and half shrub was observed far small. The increase of rainfall could improve the species richness and diversity of three typical shrub communities. And rainfall increment could homogenize the structures and habitats of Tetraena mongolica and Ceratoides latens. For the three typical shrub community, precipitation had positive correlations with species number, coverage, richness index, evenness index, diversity index, and all coefficients were greater than O. 6000. [Conclusion] Rainfall had significant impacts on species numbers, coverage, richness, evenness, diversity of the three typical shrub communities.

关 键 词：群落结构 物种多样性 乌兰布和沙漠 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]