林木超深栽在沙地造林中的应用效果分析  

Effects of Extra-deep Planting on Survival and Growth of Seedlings in Sandy Soil

作　　者：李向军[1,2] 刘春鹏[1,2] 安萍[3] 支恩波 王学勇[1,2] 刘泽勇[1,2] 李新利[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河北省林业科学研究院,河北石家庄050061 [2]河北省林木良种工程技术研究中心,河北石家庄050061 [3]日本鸟取大学干旱地研究中心

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2015年第4期148-151,共4页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家948计划项目"沙地节水造林综合配套技术引进"(2011-4-56)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨林木超深栽在沙地造林中的可行性,为提高干旱半干旱沙地造林效果提供依据。[方法]在对永定河下游沙地不同深度土壤水分含量进行监测的基础上,以白榆为造林树种,开展了深根苗与普通苗的不同栽植深度﹝1m(超深栽),0.6m(深栽),0.3m(常规)﹞的造林试验。[结果](1)沙地下层土壤的水分含量较高并相对保持稳定;(2)沙地林木超深栽显著提高了造林成活率40%以上(p<0.01)。特别是使用林木深根苗进行超深栽时,即使在无灌水的条件下亦取得了很好的造林效果(成活率94%);(3)林木超深栽显著提高了苗木的高生长,但对胸径生长的促进作用仅在使用深根苗时观察到。[结论]超深栽技术适用于干旱半干旱沙地造林,建议予以推广应用。[Objective] The feasibility of plantation establishment with extra-deep planting in a sandy soil was studied in order to provide support on increase of the survival rate of seedlings in arid and semi-arid sandy soil. [Methods] The experiments were conducted in the lower reaches of Yongding River characterized by large areas of sandy soils. The seedlings were 2-year old Ulmus pumila L. , some of which were cultivated with long roots（long-root seedlings）. Others were raised with normal roots. The depths of planting were 1 m （extra-deep）, 0.6 m（deep） and 0.3 m（usual）. Soil water contents of different layers were measured monthly. [Results] （1） Water content in deeper soil layers was higher and remained constant compared with that in shallower layers; （2） Extra-deep planting significantly increased the survival rate of seedlings by more than 40%. With extra-deep planting, the long-root seedlings showed reasonable survival rate and growth after transplanting（the survival rate was 94%）, even without watering; （3） Extra-deep planting significantly increased seedling height, but significant increases in diameter at breast height were observed only for longroot seedlings. Extra-deep planting, especially with long-root seedlings, significantly increased seedling survival and growth. [Conclusion] Extra-deep planting is suitable for plantation establishment in the sandy soils in arid and semi-arid areas, and should be applied.

关 键 词：超深栽 沙地造林 白榆 深根苗 

分 类 号：S725.71[农业科学—林木遗传育种]