流沙地表层土壤化学性质对免灌造林的响应——以古尔班通古特沙漠明渠防护林为例  

Response of Soil Chemical Properties to Afforestation in Surface of Shifting Sand——A Case Study on Shelterbelt of Open Channel in Gurbantunggut Desert

作　　者：马学喜 李生宇[1] 靳正忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2015年第4期206-212,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项课题"新疆沙区交通水利工程沙害综合防治新技术新材料研发与应用"(201130106-3)

摘　　要：[目的]在免灌造林措施下,研究不同种植年限梭梭林下土壤化学性质的变化,为防护林生态工程建设提供理论依据。[方法]对古尔班通古特沙漠明渠无灌溉条件下防护林地表层的土壤化学性质进行测定,分析林地土壤的结皮层、0—10cm层,10—20cm层土壤盐分和养分的动态变化规律。[结果]建立梭梭防护林后土壤的pH值和全盐量均高于流沙地,土壤碱化趋势比较明显;随种植年限的增加,各层土壤pH值和全盐量均表现出先增加后减小的趋势,8大离子的含量呈增加的趋势,土壤pH值、全盐量和8大离子由表层向下递减。随种植年限的增加,各层土壤有机质含量先增加后缓慢减小,土壤全N,P和速效P,K呈现总体增加,全K呈减小的趋势,速效N呈先增加后减小的趋势,同样有向下骤减的趋势。[结论]防护林建设有利于风沙土的发育,土壤质量状况逐年改善。[Objective] Under the condition of sandy afforestation, change of soil chemical properties under Haloxylon ammodendron forest with different planting year was examined in order to provide theoretical basis for construction of shelter forest ecological engineering. [Methods] The soil chemical property of non-irrigated conditions shelter forest land surface was investigated in the Gurbantunggut Desert. Dynamic variation of soil crusts, 0--10 cm, 10--20 cm layer soil salt and nutrient were analyzed and compared. [Results] The soil pH value and total salt content were higher than those in sand land after establishment of Haloxylon ammodendron forest. The soil alkalization trend is quite evident. The soil pH value and the total salt content increased firstly and then decreased with shelterbelt ages. 8 ion content was increased with shelterbelt ages. The soil pH value and the total salt content and eight ions reduced from the top to deeper layer. Soil organic matter content increased firstly and then decreased with the shelterbelt ages. Soil total nitrogen, phosphorus and available phosphorus, potassium increased with shelterbelt ages, while soil total potassium decreased and available nitrogen increased firstly and then decreased with shelterbelt ages. [Conclusion] The construction of the shelter forest is conducive to the development of sandy soil, and soil quality has been improved.

关 键 词：种植年限 防护林 古尔班通古特沙漠 土壤化学性质 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]