封育对宁夏盐池县草地植物组成及群落复杂性的影响  

Effects of Enclosing on Vegetation Composition and Community Complexity in Grassland in Yanchi County,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

作　　者：刘小丹[1,2] 张克斌[2] 林田苗 刘建康[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境管理干部学院,河北秦皇岛066102 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [3]水利部水土保持植物开发管理中心,北京100038

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2015年第4期304-307,共4页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"半荒漠湿地植被群落时空分布特征研究"(30771764);国家林业局科技项目(322340)

摘　　要：[目的]定量评价封育对宁夏盐池县沙化草地植物组成及群落复杂性的影响,为半干旱区草地植被恢复与管理提供理论依据。[方法]对3种封育类型老、新封育区和对照区在2003—2013年样线与样方结合法进行植被调查,并用群落总复杂性、无序结构复杂性、有序结构复杂性3种指数来分析其复杂性特征。[结果]老封育区由黑沙蒿(Artemisia ordosica)和刺沙蓬(Salsola ruthenica)群落逐渐演替为阿尔泰狗娃花(Heteropappus altaicus)群落,新封育区和对照区主要是黑沙蒿群落;新封育区和对照区的植被生物量与盖度大多年份高于老封育区;封育可增加无序与有序结构复杂性,进而增加群落总复杂性。[结论]长期封育降低了植被数量特征值;随封育年限的延长,群落复杂性指数约以5a左右为波动周期,说明适宜封育年限为5a。[Objective] The effects of the enclosing on vegetation composition and community complexity were examined in grassland of Yanchi County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, in order to provide the theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and grassland management in semi-arid area. [Methods] By quadrat method, the vegetation was investigated from 2003 to 2013 with respect to the impacts of different fencing time on vegetation composition and three kinds of complexity index（total complexity, disorder-based complexity, and structural complexity）. Three processing methods of study region were adopted： old enclosure area, new enclosure area and control area. [Results] Arternisia ordosica and Salsola ruthenica communities gradually converted into Heteropappus altaicus community in the old enclosure area, and Arternisia ordosica was dominant species in new enclosure and control area. The biomass and coverage in the old enclosure area were less than those in the new enclosure area and control area; enclosure increased disorder-based complexity and structural complexity, thus which made the total community complexity increase. [Conclusion] The long-term enclosure is not conducive to vegetation recovery. The high peak and low peak values of each complexity index appeared regularly with the cycle of five-year. So, 5-year is appropriate enclosure period for grassland in the semi-arid area.

关 键 词：封育草地 植物组成 群落复杂性 

分 类 号：Q948.1[生物学—植物学] Q948.15