完善宗教自由之研究——以美国经验为视角  

Study on Improving of Religious Freedom——Take American exprience as an angle of view

作　　者：林清兴 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学研究生教育院,上海200042

出　　处：《济宁学院学报》2015年第4期102-107,共6页Journal of Jining University

摘　　要：宗教自由作为公民享有的基本自由,为美国宪法第一修正案所保障。通过考察美国联邦最高法院关于保障宗教自由之相关判例,从中可知宗教自由的核心乃是对超自然存在的确认,并已形成"信仰与行为区分"检验、"令人信服的国家利益"检验等检验标准。政教分离是宗教自由的前提,也已形成莱蒙检验、背书检验、强制检验等检验标准。国家应在政教分离之下,除非基于令人信服的国家利益,并在必要的最小限度内,应优先考量宗教自由之保障。最后对中国视域下宗教自由现状进行检视,以期完善我国宗教自由之保障。The freedom of religion is the basic freedom that the citizen possesses,is guaranteed by The United States constitution amendment I.By investigation the U.S.Supreme Court related judicial precedent concerning guarantee religious freedom,we can know that the core of religious freedom is to confirm the existence of the super-being,and having developed Distinction between Believe and Behavior Test,Compelling State Interest Test reviewing standard.The religious freedom is the premise on the separation of church and state,having also developing Lemon Test,Endorsement Test,Coercion Test and so on.The state should under the separation between church and state,unless based on a compelling state interest,and in a minimum necessary,we should give priority to protect the religious freedom.In the last,observing the present religious freedom condition in our country to improve the guarantee of religious freedom in China.

关 键 词：宗教 宗教自由 政教分离 宪政视角 

分 类 号：DF1[政治法律—法学]