不同水分和覆盖处理对冬小麦生长及水分利用的影响  

Effects of Different Moisture and Mulching Treatments on Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

作　　者：张俊鹏[1] 刘祖贵[1] 孙景生[1] 申孝军[1] 刘小飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2015年第8期7-11,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203077);国家863计划课题(2011AA100502)

摘　　要：通过防雨棚下测坑试验,研究了4种水分条件下（全生育期控制灌水下限分别为田间持水率的80%FC、70%FC、60%FC和50%FC）无覆盖、地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖（覆盖量4 500kg/hm2）对土壤温度及冬小麦叶面积指数、产量构成性状、耗水量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,地膜和秸秆覆盖改变了冬小麦不同生育阶段的土壤热状况。地膜覆盖加快了冬小麦叶面积指数的增长进程,秸秆覆盖则减缓了叶面积指数的增长。4种水分条件下地膜和秸秆覆盖降低了冬小麦有效穗数,但增加了穗粒数和千粒质量等,促使地膜覆盖处理增产6.53%-23.23%,秸秆覆盖处理增产-0.04%-4.96%;地膜和秸秆覆盖都降低了冬小麦耗水量,提高了水分利用效率。地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖的增产率及水分利用效率提升率均随着灌水下限的降低而增大,同一水分条件下地膜覆盖的节水增产效果大于秸秆覆盖。建议研究区域冬小麦灌水控制下限为田间持水率的60%-70%,优先选用地膜覆盖模式。The effects of no mulching, plastic film mulching and straw mulching （4 500 kg/hm2） under four soil moisture treatments （80%, 70%, 60% and 50% of field capacity） on soil temperature as well as leafarea index （LAI）, yield component characteristics, water consumption and water use efficiency （WUE） of winter wheat were studied in experimental field under a rainshelter. The results showed that soil thermal conditions during the different growth periods of winter wheat changed as a result of mulching with plastic film and straw. The increasing of LAI was accelerated by plastic film mulching but slowed down by straw mulching. The effective panicles decreased while grain number per spike and thousand seed weight raised with mulching under four soil moisture treatments. The increasing production of 6.53% - 23. 23% and -0.04%-4.96% were brought by film plastic mulching and straw mulching, respectively. Water consumption was reduced, WUE was enhanced, and the increasing rate of yield and WUE rose with the reduction of soil moisture treatment by the two means of mulching. Under the same soil moisture treatment, the yield and water-saving by the means of plastic mulching were higher than that of straw mulching. The plastic film mulching was prior when the lower limit soil moisture was controlled at the 60%-70% of field capacity.

关 键 词：水分 覆盖 冬小麦 生长 水分利用 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]