四种灌溉模式对双季茭白(秋茭)生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Four Irrigation Models on the Growth and Yield of Double-harvesting Zizania latifolia Turcz.ex Stapf in Autumn

作　　者：陈建明[1] 庞英华[2] 张珏锋[1] 朱徐燕[2] 黄锡志[2] 朱建杰[2] 钟海英[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省植物有害生物防控重点实验室省部共建国家重点实验室,浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所,杭州310021 [2]杭州市余杭区农业技术推广中心,杭州311100

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2015年第8期22-26,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目子课题(2012BAD27B00);杭州市农业科研攻关项目(20120232B49)

摘　　要：为了进一步明确双季茭白（秋茭）的节水灌溉技术,采用大田试验研究了4种灌溉方式（处理Ⅰ：1-2cm水位干湿交替;处理Ⅱ：1-2cm水位长期灌溉;处理Ⅲ：4-5cm水位干湿交替;处理Ⅳ：4-5cm水位长期灌溉）对双季茭白（秋茭）生长和产量的影响。结果表明,处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ的株高显著低于处理Ⅲ和处理Ⅳ,前2个处理间差异显著,其中处理Ⅰ的茭白株高显著低于处理Ⅱ;后2个处理间株高差异不显著。4个处理的分蘖数变化不同,其中处理Ⅱ的分蘖数增加最多,其次是处理Ⅲ,最少的是处理Ⅰ;与处理Ⅳ比较,处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ的叶片数增加较多。4种灌溉模式对茭白的经济指标（壳茭质量、净茭质量、净茭长度和净茭宽度）以及茭白的采收始期、采收高峰期和采收末期均无显著影响。处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ的茭白产量远低于处理Ⅲ和处理Ⅳ的产量,其中处理Ⅲ茭白产量最高。灌溉水位4-5cm进行干湿交替灌溉模式下茭白产量不受影响,灌溉水位1-2cm模式下茭白产量显著减少。In order to further clear the technique of water-saving cultivation of double-harvesting Zizania latifolia in autumn, the effects of four irrigation models （treatment Ⅰ ： dry-wet alternate irrigation with 1-2 cm water depth; treatment Ⅱ ： keeping 1-2 cm water depth; treatment m ： dry-wet alternate irrigation with 4-5 cm water depth; treatment Ⅳ： keeping 4-5 cm water depth） on the growth and yield of Zizania latifolia were compared based on field experiment. The results showed that the plant heights of treatment Ⅰ and Ⅱwere remarkably lower than those of treatment m and Ⅳ, and between treatment Ⅰ and treatment Ⅱ, the plant height of the former was greatly lower than that of the latter, whereas no significant difference was found between treatment m and Ⅳ. The change of tiller number in the four treatments was different： the largest increase was treatment Ⅱ, followed by treatment Ⅲ, the least was treatment Ⅰ. The increase of leaf number in treatment Ⅰand Ⅱwas greater than that of treatment Ⅳ. The four irrigation models had no significant effect on the economic characters （weight, length and width of bald Zizania latifolia shoot, weight of vaginated Zizania latifolia shoot） and harvesting periods （early, middle and late stages） of Zizania latifolia. The yields in treatment Ⅰand Ⅱ were far below treatment m and Ⅳ, of which treatment Ⅲhad the highest yield. In conclusion, dry-wet alternate irrigation with 4-5 cm water depth had no effect on the yield, however, 1-2 cm water depth irrigation significantly decreased the Zizania latifolia yield.

关 键 词：双季茭白(秋茭) 灌溉模式 干湿交替 生长特性 产量 

分 类 号：S645.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]