南京铁路辖区职业病危害作业场所职业卫生学调查  

Occupational Hygienic Investigation on Occupational Disease Hazard Workplaces in Nanjing Railway Jurisdiction

作　　者：张琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海铁路局南京疾病预防控制所,江苏徐州221005

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2015年第8期579-584,589,共7页Preventive Medicine Tribune

摘　　要：目的了解南京铁路辖区工作场所职业卫生情况,为职业病防治工作提供指导。方法 2014年1～10月对辖区作业场所职业卫生现状进行职业卫生学调查,并对职业病危害程度进行分级评价。结果 1辖区69个单位有25个单位存在职业危害作业,占36.23%,有72个固定作业场所,职业病危害因素有3类8种,且具行业特点：点多、线长,几乎涉及到铁路每个部门,但以车辆、机务、工务机械部门为主;2作业场所从业人员4 734人,占职工总人数5.30%;3固定作业场所职业病危害因素监测率为90.28%,合格率为78.46%;4徐州、南京、芜湖三地区职业病危害因素监测率有差异（P〈0.05）,徐州、芜湖监测率（均为100%）高于南京（80.56%）;三地区职业病危害因素监测合格率有差异（P〈0.01）,徐州最高（96.55%）,南京最低（62.07%）;5不同部门职业病危害因素监测合格率有差异（P〈0.01）,机务最高（100.00%）,工务最低（53.33%）;6不同类职业病危害因素监测合格率无差异（P〉0.05）,但不同种类生产性粉尘监测合格率有差异（P〈0.01）,电焊烟尘和煤尘最高（均为100.00%）,矽尘最低（25.00%）;不同物理因素监测合格率有差异（P〈0.01）,噪声较高（87.50%）、高温最低（33.33%）;不同化学危害因素监测合格率无差异;765个作业场所职业病危害程度分5级：0级63.08%,Ⅰ级16.92%,Ⅱ级12.31%,Ⅲ级4.62%,Ⅳ级3.08%;8固定职业病危害作业场所从业人员体检率81.73%;9地区间职业卫生工作开展不均衡,职业卫生管理情况不容乐观。结论辖区作业场所职业病危害因素监测率和合格率及从业人员体检率等均偏低。Objective To understand the occupational hygienic condition of workplaces in Nanjing railwayjurisdiction,so as to provide the guidance for occupational disease prevention and control work. Methods Theoccupational hygienic sit- uation on workplaces in Nanjing railway jurisdiction was investigated and the gradual evaluation of degree to occupational disease hazard was made. Results （1）There were 25 units among 69 unitsin Nanjing railway jurisdiction with the work of occupational hazards in 72 fixed workplaces, accounting for 36.23%. There were 8 kinds and 3 classifications of occupa- tional-disease-inductive factors ,and those had industry characteristics： multi point, line length, involving almost every de- partment of the railway, mainly in vehicles, maintenance, railway engineering department ; （2） 4 734 workers worked in the workplace,accounting for 5.30 % of the total number of workers; （3）The occupational disease hazards factors monitoring rate of fixed workplace was 90. 28%, and qualified rate was 78.46% ; （4） There were some differences among Xuzhou, Nanjing and Wuhu in occupational disease hazards factors monitoring rate（ P 〈0.05）, Xuzhou, Wuhu monitoring rates （100%）were higher than that of Nanjing（80.56%）. The highest was Xuzhou（96.55%）and the lowest was Nanjing （62.07%）. （5）There were some significant differences among different departments in occupational disease hazards fac- tors monitoring qualified rate （ P d0.01）. The highest was maintenance （100.00 % ）and the lowest was official business （53.33 %）. （6）There were no differences in different kinds of factors （ P 〉0.05）, but difference existed in monitoring qualified rate of different kinds of industrial dust（ P 〈0.01）. The highest was welding smoke and braize（100.00%） ,and the lowest was silicious dust（25.00%）. There were some significant differences among physical factors in occupational disease hazards factors monitoring qualified rate（ P 〈0.01）. That of noise wa

关 键 词：铁路辖区 职业病危害 作业场所 职业卫生学 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]