濒危植物明党参种子散布和种子库动态研究  

Seed dispersal and seed bank dynamics of the endangered Changium smyrnioides

作　　者：盛海燕[1] 常杰[1] 殷现伟[1] 樊梅英[1] 葛滢[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学生命科学学院,杭州310029

出　　处：《生物多样性》2002年第3期269-273,共5页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究规划项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 4680 5 )

摘　　要：对伞形科濒危植物明党参 (Changiumsmyrnioides)的种子生产、散布和种子库动态进行了研究。明党参平均每株产生完好种子 132粒 ,86 .36 %来自顶生花序 ,不同生境中个体产生的种子千粒重有差异 ;其平均 1.0 6m高的花葶在种子散布过程中易倒伏 ,使种子远离母株 ;种子散布格局为聚集型 ;种子库密度随时间逐渐下降。明党参种子产量和不同时期种子库密度均低于同科非濒危植物峨参 (Anthriscussylvestris) ,2个种的种子库均为非持续型 ;明党参具有低种子数、大粒种子、种子散布远离母株以减少种内竞争的K对策 ,在受到人类大量采挖和生境干扰后种群不容易迅速恢复 ;而峨参采取高种子数、小粒种子、种子近母株密集分布和产生无性系的r对策 。Changium smyrnioides is an endangered species of Umbelliferae. Its cytology, pollen morphology, geological distribution, and genetic diversity have been studied, but the ecological characteristics of its seeds still remain unknown. To understand the mechanism of endangerment of C. smyrnioides, seed production and dispersal and the dynamics of its seed bank were investigated by random sampling methods. Seed production of C. smyrnioides is 132 seeds/individual, 86.4% of which are from the top inflorescence. The kilo grain weight of seeds is different between habitats. The scape (averaged 1.06 m in height) of C. smyrnioides often falls to the ground, so seeds fall far from their mother plant. The seed dispersal pattern is contagious. Compared with Anthriscus sylvestris, another species of Umbelliferae, seed production and seed bank density of C. smyrnioides in different periods is much less. Both seed banks are non persistent. C. smyrnioides maintain the seed bank by multi procreation, while A. sylvestris is maintained by clonal reproduction. C. smyrnioides has adopted a K strategy, with low seed number, large seed size and dispersion far from the mother plant so as to avoid density competition among the seedlings. Therefore, when it is disturbed by humans, by digging for medicinal use and deforestation, the population cannot recover quickly. A. sylvestris has adopted a r strategy, with high seed number, small seed size, dispersion near the mother plant, and production of ramets. Its population can recover quickly when it is disturbed by humans.

关 键 词：濒危植物 明党参 种子散布 种子库动态 比较研究 生态对策 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]