犯罪行为的个体因素与社会层面——以抗战时期事关军人伪造案为中心考察  

Individual Factors and Social Level of Criminal Behavior:Centered on Forgery Case Involving Military During Anti-Japanese War

作　　者：徐德莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学马克思主义学院,重庆400067

出　　处：《重庆工商大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第5期116-123,共8页Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目(13YJCZH211)"民国时期伪造之风的历史考察与现实启示--以湖南为例";重庆市人文社会科学基金项目(2013YBLS116)"抗战时期西南地区货币伪造现象的历史考察研究";重庆工商大学人文社科基金项目(1351015)"抗战时期伪造现象的历史考察"

摘　　要：抗战期间,征兵工作尤其重要,民国政府为此制订了《兵役法》《妨害兵役条例》等法律法规,为抗战征兵提供了一定的法律保障,但并不能由此抑止各种形式逃避兵役的社会现象。因此,本文通过对避征免役与倒卖专卖商品而希图获利致伪造关防等伪造个案进行详尽解读与分析,折射出中国传统的安乡重迁文化、战争恐慌心理是底层民众躲避兵役的重要心理因素,应役出征等伪造情事实质上亦体现民众的一种内在的心理张力。类似伪造案,揭示出利益是人们一切活动乃至犯罪的直接动机,反映了个体利益与国家利益之间的博弈。伪造个体行为也反映了个体心理与社会因素之间存在某种必然关联,反映出社会样态的多重面相。At the difficult stage of Anti?Japanese War, in order to conscript soldiers to anti?Japanese, the National Government draws up some laws and regulation such as Conscription Law and Breach of military service Regulation, which guarantee soldier supply to some degree, but cannot prevent military service evasion. Therefore, this paper analyzes forgery cases by evading military service, ex?empting service, scalping monopolized commodities to make a profit, which reflects traditional Chinese culture of homeland affect. Pan?ic mind over war is the main psychological feeling of grass root evading military service, and forgery cases on army service and going out to battle actually show people's inner psychological tension. It is revealed that benefit is the direct motive of all the activities of people including crime, and that there is game between individual benefit and national benefit. The individual behavior of forgery reflects the inevitable connection between individual psychology and social factors which presents multi?dimension society.

关 键 词：抗战时期 伪造案 军人 兵役 社会结构 

分 类 号：K265.21[历史地理—历史学]