内蒙古典型草原羊粪和牛粪分解过程中微生物的活性变化  

Changes of Microbial Activities During the Decomposition of Sheep and Cattle Dung in Inner Mongolia Steppe

作　　者：徐海燕 刘新民[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古呼和浩特市第二十九中学,内蒙古呼和浩特010022 [2]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《内蒙古师范大学学报（自然科学汉文版）》2015年第4期506-512,共7页Journal of Inner Mongolia Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40761016);内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目(2010MS0519)

摘　　要：于2008年6-9月和2009年5-9月，采用人工堆置于地表和埋入地下2种处理，比较分析了内蒙古典型草原羊粪和牛粪分解过程中可培养细菌、放线菌、真菌数量和微生物量碳、氮、磷含量，以及蛋白酶、脲酶和纤维素酶活性的变化特征，为深入了解羊粪和牛粪分解机制和对草地生态系统养分循环的作用积累资料。结果表明，草地中残留羊粪和牛粪块始终保持高于土壤的有机质分解活性；在草地堆置的过程中，残留牛粪块中有高于羊粪块的细菌和放线菌数量，以及明显较高的 C 转化活性；分解实验后期（60-120 d），残留羊粪块中的 P 转化活性呈提高趋势，牛粪块中呈降低趋势；埋入地下处理，残留羊粪块中的 C 和 N 转化活性明显提高。两种粪块之间微生物活性的以上差别大多体现在分解实验初期（0-30 d），后期（60-90 d）逐渐消失。因此，残留羊粪和牛粪在分解过程中具有明显不同的微生物活性、养分释放特征，以及对草地养分循环的影响特征。In June to September 2008 and May to September 2009,using two treatments that were sheep and cattle dung deposited on the ground and buried in the soil,the artificial field experiments were conducted to reflect the changes of the number of culturable bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi,the microbial biomass of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus,and the activities of protease,urease and cellulas during the decomposition of sheep and cattle dung in Inner Mongolia steppe.The results showed that the organic matter decomposition activities in sheep and cattle dung were higher than that of in soil.Livestock dung deposited on grassland,the number of bacteria and actinomycetes,and the carbon transforming activity in residual cattle dung was obviously higher than that of in residual sheep dung.In the later phase of decomposition experiment （i.e.the days between 60th and 120th）,the increase and decrease trend of phosphorus transforming activity were observed respectively in residual sheep and cattle dung.Livestock dung buried in the soil,the carbon and nitrogen transforming activities in residual sheep dung were appar-ently increased.The above differences of microbe activities in sheep and cattle dung were mostly reflected in the initial phase of decomposition experiment （i.e.the days between 0th and 30th）.And it was gradually disappearing in the later phase of the experiment.So we can concluded that there were different features of microbe activities,the release of nutrients,and the impacts on the nutrient cycling in the process of sheep and cattle dung decomposition.

关 键 词：羊粪 牛粪 分解 微生物活性 内蒙古典型草原 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]