蚕沙有机肥对作物产量、品质及土壤性质的影响  

Effects of silkworm excrement-derived organic fertilizer on yield and quality of crops and soil property

作　　者：李苹[1] 付弘婷[1] 张发宝[1] 逄玉万[1] 黄巧义[1] 唐拴虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广州510640

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2015年第7期1195-1199,共5页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2013A061402004;2012A020200013)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨蚕沙有机肥对作物产量、品质的影响及对土壤的改良作用,为蚕沙有机肥的推广应用提供参考。【方法】采用田间随机区组试验设计,设鸡粪有机肥(A)和蚕沙有机肥(B)2个处理,每处理施肥量为9000 kg/ha,另以与蚕沙有机肥等量氮磷钾的化肥作对照处理(CK),分析不同处理甜玉米、菜心、花生和椰菜的产量、品质指标及土壤理化性状状况,综合评价蚕沙有机肥的施用效果。【结果】处理A的春花生产量最高(4669.6 kg/ha),与处理B差异不显著(P>0.05,下同),处理A和处理B的春花生产量、荚果数与荚果重均显著高于化肥处理(P<0.05,下同);各处理椰菜产量高低顺序为CK>处理A>处理B,且各处理间差异显著。处理B的椰菜可溶性糖含量最高(44.34 g/kg),显著高于CK,但与处理A差异不显著;处理A和处理B的硝酸盐含量均显著低于CK,其中处理B的降幅达42.7%。在两茬菜心种植中,处理B菜心维生素C和可溶性糖的含量均显著高于CK,但产量与CK相比差异不显著;与CK相比,第1茬中处理A和处理B均能显著降低菜心的硝酸盐含量,其中处理B降幅达40.0%。与试验前比较,处理A和处理B均能显著提高土壤p H,提高有机质、土壤全氮和全磷含量,其中处理B的p H升幅达13.9%。除土壤的全钾养分外,施用有机肥处理的其余各项土壤理化指标均显著高于试验前及CK。【结论】施用蚕沙有机肥具有一定的增产和改善蔬菜品质的效果,同时可显著改良土壤酸性,培肥土壤。[Objective ]The present experiment was conducted to investigate effects of silkworm excrement-derived or- ganic fertilizer （SEOF） on yields and quality of crop and soil improvement,in order to provide references for application and extension of SEOF. [Method]Through randomized block design, using sweet corn, flowing cabbage, peanut and broccoli experimental crops, the field trials were conducted by applying three kinds of fertilizers, respectively, which included chicken manure-derived organic fertilizer （Treatment A）, silkworm excrement-derived organic fertilizer （Treatment B）, and NPK chemical fertilizer as control （CK）, the fertilizing amount of each fertilizer was 9000 kg/ha. Then the yield and quality of experimental crops and physical and chemical properties of soil were investigated to evaluate comprehensively effect of silkworm excrement-derived organic fertilizer. [ Result ]The spring peanut yield of Treatment A was the highest （4669.6 kg/ha）,which had no significant difference with that of Treatment B（P〉0.05 ,the same below）. And the yield, pod number and pod weight of spring peanut of Treatment A and B were significantly higher than those of CK （P〈0.05, the same below）. In iddition, there were some significant differences in broccoli yield among different treatments,the order of three treatments for broccoli yield from high to low was as follow：CK〉 Treatment A〉 Treatment B. The soluble sugar con- tent in broccoli of Treatment B was the highest （44.34 g/kg） ,which was significantly higher than that of CK and had no significant difference from that of Treatment A. The nitrate contents of Treatment A and B were significantly lower than ni- trate content of CK, especially the nitrate content of Treatment B decreased by 42.7%, the vitamin C and soluble sugar content in two-crop flowing cabbage of treatment B were significantly higher than that of CK, however the flowing cabbage yield of Treatment B had not significant difference from that of CK. And compared with CK

关 键 词：蚕沙 有机肥 作物 产量 品质 土壤性质 

分 类 号：S141.3[农业科学—肥料学]