水旱轮作对宁夏设施番茄连作土壤特性的影响  

Effect of Paddy-upland Crop Rotation on Soil Property under Continuous Tomato Cropping in Greenhouse

作　　者：刘永亮[1] 高艳明[1] 李建设[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2015年第8期131-137,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区农业科技成果转化项目"设施蔬菜现代节水高效优新技术产业化示范"(2013GB2G300494)

摘　　要：为探索有效改良宁夏设施土地连作土质恶化的种植方式,以青铜峡莲湖农场日光温室番茄连作10年的土壤为试验点,采用种植水稻和灌水泡田2种模式,探究水旱轮作对设施番茄连作土壤微生物、土壤酶活性、土壤养分、土壤重金属以及微量元素含量等土壤特性的影响。结果表明：10月6日较5月1日,种植水稻土壤的钠离子和钙离子含量分别降低95.12%和65.43%,而灌水泡田土壤的钠离子和钙离子含量分别降低86.17%和51.93%;种植水稻土壤0～20cm土层pH的降幅明显高于灌水泡田土壤。2种改良模式均能提高土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和蛋白酶活性,0～20cm土层种植水稻土壤的脲酶和蛋白酶活性分别提高36.96%和73.36%,提高幅度大于灌水泡田土壤;灌水泡田土壤对脱氢酶的抑制作用更显著;灌水泡田土壤的碱解氮随时间变化呈增高趋势。种植水稻和灌水泡田土壤0～20cm土层的有效铁含量分别增高286.67%和335.12%,有效铜含量分别降低28.77%和38.70%。2种改良模式对重金属含量的影响不明显。水旱轮作模式可降低盐渍离子含量和pH,能较好地改良设施连作土壤的特性。种植水稻模式提高脲酶、蛋白酶和蔗糖酶活性的能力较灌水泡田显著,更有利于有机质的增加以及有效铁含量的提高。The variation trend of soil microorganism, enzyme activity, nutrients, heavy metals and trace elements in greenhouse with ten-year continuous tomato cropping under two improvement patterns of planting rice and water logging was analyzed to study the improvement effect of paddy-upland crop rotation on soil property under the continuous tomato cropping pattern in greenhouse for effective control of soil deterioration. Na and Ca ion content in soil under planting rice pattern on 6, October is 95. 12% and 65.43 ～ lower than on 1, May respectively and Na and Ca ion content in soil under water logging pattern decreased by 86. 17% and 51. 93% separately, pH decrease range of soil with 0 ～ 20 cm depth under planting rice pattern is higher than under water logging pattern obviously. Two improvement patterns both can enhance activity of sucrase, urease, phosphatase and proteinase in soil. The urease and proteinase activity of soil under planting rice pattern increases by 36. 96% and 73. 36% respectively, and the increasing range is higher than under water logging pattern. The water logging pattern has the significant inhibition effect on dehydrogenase in soil and available nitrogen in soil under water logging pattern shows a gradual increase trend with time variation. Available Fe content in soil with 0～20 cm depth under planting rice and water logging pattern increases by 286.67% and 335.12% but available Cu content in soil with 20～40 cm depth under planting rice and water logging pattern decreases by 28. 77～ % and 38. 70% respectively. Two improvement patterns have no significant effect on heavy metal content in soil. The paddy-upland crop rotation can improve soil property under the continuous tomato cropping pattern and reduce salting ion content and pH obviously. The planting rice pattern increases urease, proteinase and sucrase activity significantly compared with the water logging pattern, which is beneficial to increase of organic matter and available Fe content in soil.

关 键 词：水旱轮作 土壤酶 土壤养分 土壤微生物 重金属 微量元素 

分 类 号：S606.1[农业科学—园艺学]