放牧和休闲对高寒草地植被群落特征和生态位参数的影响  

Effects of grazing and recreation on the community characteristics and ecological niche parameters of grassland vegetation in alpine grassland

作　　者：王伟[1] 德科加[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015年第9期33-38,共6页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203007)

摘　　要：为了研究高寒草地不同放牧模式下主要植物种群对环境资源的利用方式,优化放牧模式,试验采用定量分析高寒草地在放牧和休闲模式下植被重要值、Levins生态位宽度指数和Pianka生态位重叠指数的变化特征的方法,揭示高寒草地放牧生态学机制。结果表明:放牧+休闲处理后高寒草地群落中优势植物矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)、紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)的重要值都呈现增加趋势,生态位宽度趋于稳定,而伴生种如华丽龙胆(Gentiana sinoornata)、鹅绒委陵菜(Potentilla anserine)和黄花棘豆(Oxytropis ochrocephala)等毒杂草的重要值有所下降,生态位宽度增减各异;同时群落的生态位重叠值总体呈现增加趋势。说明物种间对资源的利用性竞争加大,对资源利用更加充分;通过休闲处理后群落生境的改善利于优势种的生长发育。To study the utilization patterns of main plant populations to environmental resources in alpine grassland under different grazing patterns and optimize grazing patterns, the variation characteristics of plant important values and the indexes of Levins niche breadth and Pianka niche overlap in alpine grassland under grazing and recreation were quantitatively analyzed to reveal ecological system of grazing in alpine grassland. The results showed that the important values of Kobresia humilis and Stipa purpurea as dominant plants in the alpine grassland community presented an increasing trend after treatment of grazing with recreation, and their niche breadths tended to be stable. However, the important values of Gentiana sinoornata, Potentilla anserine and Oxytropis ochrocephala and other poisonous weeds as associated species declined to some extent, and their niche breadths increased or decreased： At the same time the niche overlap values of the community showed an overall upward trend. The results indicate that interspecies increase the competitions for the utilization of environmental resources and more fully utilize the resources. The improvement of the community habitat is conducive to the growth and development of the dominant species through the treatment of recreation.

关 键 词：高寒草甸 重要值 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 优势种 

分 类 号：S283[农业科学—农业水土工程] S812.8[农业科学—农业工程]