农村小批量餐厨垃圾单相厌氧消化现场化处理及效益分析  

Study on Single-phase Anaerobic Digestion and On-site Treatment of Rural Small Quantity Kitchen Waste and Its Benefit Analysis

作　　者：邵佳婧 吴丽萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津城建大学,天津300384

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第25期200-205,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"废弃物资源化利用关键技术研究与示范"(2009BAC55B03)

摘　　要：利用农村已有的8 m3户用沼气池,探索技术可行且应用成本相对较低的单相厌氧消化工艺条件,实现农村小批量餐厨垃圾现场化处置,并无害化处理终端废弃物实现资源化利用。原料取自四川省内农户家庭,采用单相半连续发酵进行厌氧消化,选定进料有机负荷与接种量为工艺条件变量,以实际产气量、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）含量等为评价指标,并对其终端废弃物沼液与沼渣进行取样分析。结果表明：农村餐厨垃圾基本理化特性使其具备适用厌氧消化技术的条件和可能性,将其进料有机负荷控制在10 g VS/L,接种量维持在20~30 g VS/L范围内,该厌氧发酵系统有着相对较高的降解效率,实际产气量在457~485 m L/g VS范围内,其产生的沼气可直接作为清洁能源使用,其终端废弃物沼渣沼液符合农业部生物有机肥国家标准（NY 884—2012）,可直接作为农业有机肥施用。可得出结论,以农村户用沼气工程现有的管理水平与管理模式为基础,对餐厨垃圾进行单相厌氧消化,无需大量额外的辅助设备与复杂操作流程,厌氧消化工艺操作简单易行且便于推广,经济效益明显,环境效益较优。The study aims to explore technically feasible and relatively low-cost single-phase application ofanaerobic digestion process conditions, realize the harmless and on-site treatment of small quantities of ruralkitchen waste for better resources utilization. Using the common 8 m3 rural household biogas digesters, theauthor collected test materials from rural families in Sichuan Province, and adopted single- phase semi-continuous fermentation for anaerobic digestion. The feed organic load and inoculation were selected asvariables of process condition, and the actual gas production and volatile fatty acids（VFA） content wereselected as evaluation indicators, terminal wastes and biogas slurry were sampled and analyzed. The resultsshowed that the basic physical and chemical properties of rural kitchen waste were applicable and possible foranaerobic digestion, with the feed organic loading of 10 g VS/L and inoculation amount within the scope of 20-30 g VS/L, the degradation of the anaerobic fermentation system had high efficiency, and the actual gasproduction ranged from 457-485 m L/g VS, the biogas could be used directly as a kind of clean energy, and theterminal biogas residue and slurry could be used directly as a kind of organic fertilizer, since it conformed tothe Biological Organic Fertilizer National Standard（NY 884—2012）. Based on the existing rural householdbiogas project management in China, the single-phase anaerobic digestion treatment of rural kitchen waste had better economic and environmental benefits while not requiring a lot of additionally auxiliary equipment orcomplex processes.

关 键 词：农村餐厨垃圾 户用沼气 厌氧消化 无害化处理 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]