“上棉下渔”对沿黄盐碱地土壤的改良作用  

Improvement of Saline-alkali Soil Along the Yellow River by“Shang Mian Xia Yu”

作　　者：周晓梦 孙健[1] 吴佳洁[1] 王慧[1] 王淑生 季相山[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学动物科技学院,山东泰安271018 [2]滨州市渔业技术推广站,山东滨州256616

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第25期206-212,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山东农业大学盐碱地改良利用项目"沿黄低洼重盐碱地生态开发研究";山东省现代农业产业技术体系虾蟹类创新团队"山东省现代农业产业技术体系虾蟹类产业创新团队遗传育种岗位"(SDAIT-15-011-02);"山东省现代农业产业技术体系虾蟹类产业创新团队济宁综合试验站"(SDAIT-15-011-09);山东省农业良种工程项目"青虾速生抗逆功能基因的发掘与创新利用研究"

摘　　要：＂上棉下渔＂、＂上粮下渔＂盐碱地开发模式始于20年前。近几年来随着养虾效益的提高,在山东博兴地区发展较快。探讨＂上棉下渔＂模式对盐碱地的改良效果,可以为下一步大力推广该模式提供理论依据。在博兴县选择3个取样点,分别为未经开发的盐碱土,通过＂上棉下渔＂模式改良2年和20年后的台田土。为减少取样点土质对检测结果的影响,选择的这3个取样点都相距在10 km以内;每个取样点在5个土层取样,分别为0~20、20~40、40~60、60~80、80~100 cm土层。对3个取样点不同土层的土壤总盐度、碱度、p H值、有机质及可培养微生物的数量进行了研究。结果表明：开发2年后,脱盐率达到59.7%,开发20年之后,脱盐率达到90.3%;开发2年后,土壤碱度变化不大,20年后,土壤碱度由最初的2.004×10^-3mol/L下降到0.6311×10^-3mol/L,说明土壤碱度改良难度较大;随着开发年数的增加,各土层p H值都较未开发时有所下降,逐渐接近中性;开发20年后土壤有机质含量提高了15.58%;在0~20 cm土层,开发2年之后的土壤可培养微生物的总量是未开发的12.73倍。总体上来看,＂上棉下渔＂对沿黄盐碱地土壤有较好的改良作用,＂上棉下渔＂是一种非常值得推广的盐碱地改良措施。The saline- alkali land development mode of＂Shang Mian Xia Yu＂or＂Shang Liang Xia Yu＂started 20 years ago. In recent years, with the improvement of shrimp cultivation, the mode has a rapiddevelopment in the Boxing Region of Shandong Province. Investigating the improvement effects on saline-alkali land with the mode of＂Shang Mian Xia Yu＂could provide a theoretical basis for further wide promotionof this mode. In Boxing County, 3 sample points were chosen, including saline- alkali land withoutdevelopment, raised fields soil improved through＂Shang Mian Xia Yu＂mode for 2 years and 20 years later. Inorder to reduce the influence of sample points＇ soil quality on the test results, 3 sample points were within10 km distance. Each sample point was sampled in 5 soil layers, respectively, 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-100 cm soil layer. The salinity, alkalinity, p H value, quantity of organic matter and the amount of culturable microorganisms of the three different soil sample points were studied. The results showed that after 2 years ofimprovement, the desalination rate reached 59.7%, after 20 years improvement, the desalination rate reached90.3%. The soil alkalinity did not change significantly after 2 years of improvement, however, soil alkalinitydecreased from 2.004×10^-3mol/L to 0.6311×10^-3mol/L after 20 years of improvement, which showed that thesoil alkalinity in saline- alkali land was more difficult to improve than soil salinity. With the increase ofimproving years, each soil layer＇s p H value was gradually reduced compared with that of the saline-alkali landwithout development and almost close to neutral. The soil organic matter content was enhanced by 15.58%after 20 years of improvement. The amount of cultivable microorganisms in 0-20 cm soil was 12.73 times ofthat in the saline-alkali land without development after 2 years of improvements. Overall,＂Shang Mian XiaYu＂has a good improvement effect on the saline- alkali soil along the Yellow River and this mode is aneffective saline-alkali

关 键 词：上棉下渔 改良 沿黄盐碱地 土壤盐碱度 有机质 微生物数量 

分 类 号：S287[农业科学—农业水土工程]