美国空军飞行人员离心机训练制度和特点  

United States Air Force regulations on the centrifuge training for aircrew and features

作　　者：刘保钢[1] 王月娥[2] 

机构地区：[1]空军航空医学研究所训练科研部,北京100142 [2]空军航空医学研究所载人离心机医学训练基地,北京100089

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2015年第2期155-160,共6页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的 综述美国空军飞行人员离心机训练的规章制度,了解其训练方法和管理措施,为完善我军飞行人员离心机训练制度提供借鉴. 资料来源与选择 美国空军指令、手册以及国内外该领域相关研究论文、综述和专著. 资料引用 引用文献资料共17篇,包括2份美国空军指令、1部美国空军手册、4个不同版本北大西洋公约组织标准化协议、1部专著和9篇论文. 资料综合 美国空军指令（Air Force Instruction,AFI） 11-404《高G飞行人员离心机训练》是美国空军组织实施飞行人员离心机训练的核心法规文件,与其配套使用的有AFI 11-403《航空航天生理训练计划》和空军小册子（Air Force Pamphlet,AFPAM） 11-419《飞行人员的G意识》等.离心机训练的主要目的是提高飞行人员在高G环境下正确有效地做抗荷动作的技能,从而提高G耐力.美国空军依据飞机性能及不同飞行训练阶段的要求对不同机型的飞行人员实施针对性的离心机训练,确保其G耐力达到相应机型的性能要求.AFI 11-404规定了5种训练类型和具体要求,设置了5种不同的离心机G暴露模式,建立了G耐力训练标准,明确了不合格者和特许飞行的处理方法和程序,指定了授权批准的训练机构.美国空军离心机训练制度的主要特点为：①离心机初次训练安排在飞行学员训练阶段;②G耐力训练标准以满足飞机机动性能要求为前提,机型不同,标准不同;③重视飞行教官的理论培训和训练. 结论 美国空军飞行人员离心机训练制度比较完善.AFI 11-404和AFI 11-403是美国空军组织实施飞行人员离心机训练的主要依据.圆满完成离心机训练是获得驾驶战斗机资格的前提条件.Objective To review the United States Air Force regulations on the centrifuge training for aircrew and know its training method,rules and management.It may provide available reference for improving our aircrew centrifuge training regulations.Literature resource and selection United States Air Force Instructions （AFI）,Air Force Pamphlet （AFPAM） and research papers,reviews and monograph published in China and aboard.Literature quotation Two United States Air Force Instructions,one United States Air Force Pamphlet,one monograph,four different versions of North Atlantic Treaty Organization Standardization Agreements （STANAG） and nine papers were cited.Literature synthesis United States Air Force Instruction （AFI） 11-404,Centrifuge Training for High-G Aircrew,is the core regulation for conducting high G centrifuge training of aircrew,and is compatibly applied with AFI 11-403,Aerospace Physiological Training Program,and Air Force Pamphlet （AFPAM） 11-419,G-awareness for Aircrew.The main purpose of aircrew centrifuge training is to enhance aircrew＆#39;s skills and capability of correctly performing an effective anti-G straining maneuver under high G-stress so that to increase G tolerance.United States Air Force conducts pertinent training for different kinds of fighter aircrew according to requirements of fighter performances and for different phase of flying training so as to insure the G tolerance could meet the requirements of different kinds of fighter.AFI 11-404 defines five types of centrifuge training and requirements,and five kinds of centrifuge ride G profiles.It has established G tolerance standards for aircrew training,dictated the procedures for handling of non-completion training program and waivers,designated the authority of centrifuge training facilities.It＆#39;s major features are：①The initial training is arranged during the phase of pilot student training;② Meeting the fighter maneuverability requirements is the prerequisite for establishment of G tolerance standards,differ

关 键 词：美国 体育和训练 加速度 规章和细则 载人离心机 飞行人员 

分 类 号：R85[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]