雌性根田鼠的亲属识别与配偶选择  

KIN RECOGNITION AND MATE CHOICE IN ESTROUS FEMALES ROOT VOLES( MICROTUS OECONOMUS )

作　　者：赵亚军[1] 赵新全[2] 李保明[1] 邰发道[3] 王廷正[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学设施农业生物环境工程农业部重点开放实验室,北京100083 [2]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810008 [3]陕西师范大学生命科学院,西安710062

出　　处：《动物学报》2002年第4期452-458,共7页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 (No .3 0 10 0 0 16和No .3 9870 119);中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统定位站基金资助项目~~

摘　　要：在Y字型选择箱中进行 3种不同熟悉处理的配偶选择实验以检验动情雌性根田鼠配偶选择时的亲属识别和近交回避。 (1)动情雌鼠在熟悉雄性同胞和陌生非同胞之间嗅添频次和时间、及自我修饰时间的差异非常显著 (P <0 0 1) ,所作的脊柱前凸反应时间也有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ,这些行为均多针对于陌生非同胞雄性。结果提示动情雌性根田鼠在熟知雄性同胞身份的条件下对陌生非亲属雄性的气味更感兴趣 ,在择偶中与非亲属雄性交配来实现近交回避。 (2 )动情雌鼠对陌生雄性非同胞的嗅添频次和时间及所作的脊柱前凸反应时间显著大于陌生同胞雄性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而针对陌生雄性非同胞自我修饰时间非常显著地大于针对陌生雄性同胞 (P <0 0 1)。这说明动情雌性根田鼠在择偶时可以识别断奶后分离不熟悉的雄性亲属 ,而在交配行为上偏向于非亲属雄性。 (3)动情雌鼠在熟悉雄性同胞和非同胞之间嗅添时间差异明显 (P <0 0 5 ) ,嗅添频次的差异更甚 (P <0 0 1) ;所作的脊柱前凸反应时间和社交后自我修饰时间差异也非常显著 (P <0 0 1) ,这些行为也均都偏向于非同胞雄性 ;结果提示断奶后继续熟悉可维持动情雌鼠对雄性亲属的嗅觉识别记忆力 ,在交配行为上主动回避亲属雄性。故认为The two most likely mechanisms for recognizing kin are recognition by phenotype maching, identifying individuals as kin because of their genetic similarity,and recognition by association, classifying individuals as kin because of previous direct familiarity with them. Effects of kin recognition on maternal mate choice and inbreeding avoidance were examined in a laboratory colony of root voles (Microtus oeconomus), a generally polygynous species. At weaning age (20 days), sibling pups from each of 20 litters were removed from their parents’ cage and reared together in a new cage for 5 days, then fostered apart until they were at least 60 days of age at which age females first come into estrus. Between 26 and 65 days of age, i.e., two days before mate choice experiments began, females were assigned to one of 3 treatment groups: (1) females kept familiar with their male siblings by being allowed to sniff them for 1 hour every other day; (2) females kept apart from their male siblings; (3) females kept familiar with their male siblings and also familiarized with nonsibling males by being able to sniff them for 1 hour every other day. At 67 days of age, the mating preferences of estrus females with respect to sibling and nonsibling males were examined using three different experiments in a Y shaped maze, each of which involved 30 animals divided into 10 groups. Female behaviours measured included the number of visits to different males and their duration, frequency and duration of sniffing/licking, duration of aggressive behavior, number of mountings, and the duration of lordosis, allogrooming, and self grooming. The Wilcoxon Matched pairs Test was used to compare behavioral differences in estrous females presented with male siblings and familiar/non familiar nonsiblings. In experiment 1, estrus females spent notably more time visiting, mating and associating with novel nonsiblings than familiar siblings. In experiment 2, estrus females showed significantly preferred novel nonsiblings to unfamiliar siblings

关 键 词：雌性根田鼠 亲属识别 配偶选择 动情雌鼠 近交回避 一雄多雌制 

分 类 号：Q434[生物学—生理学]