云南省洱源县血吸虫病流行区农村卫生厕所现况及粪便无害化效果分析  

Current situation and effect of non- hazardous treatment of excrement of sanitary latrines in rural schistosomiasis endemic areas of Eryuan County,Yunnan Province

作　　者：邵宗体[1] 熊孟韬[1] 冯锡光[1] 董毅[1] 董兴齐[2] 李雄斌 杨文灿 施学文 杨卫东 毛桂林 李汝雄 杨富 杨玉兰 

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所,大理671000 [2]云南省洱源县血吸虫病防治站 [3]云南省洱源县疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2015年第4期348-352,共5页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2009BAI78B06)

摘　　要：目的了解云南省血吸虫病流行区农村卫生厕所建设和管理状况,评价粪便无害化处理的效果。方法在云南省洱源县选取3个血吸虫病流行村,每村随机抽取30户,现场调查改厕相关基本情况,按照国家标准采集和检测厕所粪便样品。结果抽查的永乐、前甸和新庄等3个流行村卫生厕所普及率分别达83.19%、83.12%和81.63%。共现场调查90座户厕,仅32.22%的户厕建在庭院以内,91.67%的卫生厕所和70.00%的非卫生厕所厕屋完整,33.33%的卫生厕所和所有的非卫生厕所内有蛆/蛹/成蝇,平均数量分别为1.05只/厕和3.40只/厕。卫生厕所粪大肠菌平均去除率为90.00%,寄生虫卵平均沉降率为80.61%,蛔虫卵平均死亡率为95.20%。出粪液粪大肠菌值合格率为41.67%,蛔虫卵死亡率合格率为78.13%,未检出活血吸虫卵。卫生厕所与非卫生厕所无害化效果差异有统计学意义。结论云南省血防改厕起到了较好的粪便无害化效果,但仍要加强卫生厕所的建设、使用和管理。Objective To understand the condition of the construction and management of sanitary latrines,and assess the effect of disposal of the excrement in rural schistosomiasis endemic areas in Yunnan Province. Methods Three villages with schistosomiasis endemic were selected from Eryuan County and 30 households per village were sampled randomly for the field survey. The stool samples were sampled and tested according to the national standard. Results Totally 90 latrines were surveyed. The popularity rates of sanitary latrines in Yongle,Qiandian and Xinzhuang villages were 83.19%,83.12%and 81.63% respectively. In the 90 household latrines,only 32.22% located inside the courtyard,and 91.67% of sanitary latrines and 70.00% of non-sanitary latrines had integrated buildings. Maggots or pupae or adult flies were found in 33.33% of sanitary latrines and all of non-sanitary latrines with the average amounts of 1.05 and 3.40 per latrine respectively. The removal rate of fecal coliform,the sedimentation rate of parasitic eggs and the mortality rate of Ascaris eggs were 90.00%,80.61%and 95.20% on average respectively. The qualified rate of the fecal coliform of the outlet of the sanitary latrines was 41.67%,and the qualified rate of the mortality rate of Ascaris eggs was 78.13%. No living schistosome eggs were found at the outlets of latrines. For the effect of non-hazardous treatment,there was a statistically significant difference between the sanitary latrines and non-sanitary latrines. Conclusions The latrine improvement has a good effect on non-hazardous treatment of the excrement in Yunnan Province,but the construction,application and management of sanitary latrines still need to be strengthened.

关 键 词：血吸虫病 卫生厕所 粪便无害化 洱源县 云南省 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]