纳米金颗粒在靶向放射治疗中的应用  

Radiotherapy enhancement with gold nanoparticles

作　　者：刘蒙蒙[1] 王坤[1] 陈楠[1] 王丽华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所嘉定园区中国科学院界面物理与技术重点实验室上海同步辐射光源物理生物与生物成像中心,上海201800

出　　处：《核技术》2015年第9期51-56,共6页Nuclear Techniques

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.U1232114;No.1179004);国家重点基础研究发展计划(No.2012CB932603)资助

摘　　要：放射治疗是生物医学中治疗恶性肿瘤的一种重要手段。放射治疗采用高剂量、高穿透性的X射线、γ射线以及电子光子束辐照癌变的肿瘤细胞,通过破坏其脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)而将其杀死或破坏。但是,较高的放射剂量和较长的治疗时间会对生命体产生极大的生物毒性。为降低放射治疗的生物毒性,减弱放射治疗带来的副作用,靶向放射治疗成为放射治疗研究的热点。纳米金颗粒具备优异的辐射敏化性质和光学性质,同时兼具良好的生物相容性,因此纳米金协助的放射治疗迅速成为靶向治疗的重要发展方向。在体外以及前临床试验中,基于纳米金的多功能纳米体系,有效提高了肿瘤治愈率、降低了毒副作用并延长了病人的存活时间。本文总结了在靶向治疗中多功能纳米金体系的设计思路,重点综述了纳米金体系在体外实验及前临床实验中实际应用效果,并对其发展方向进行了展望。Background： Radiation therapy （RT） is a major part of the treatment of cancer and other tumor diseases by using penetrability radiation, such as X-ray,γ-ray. RT works by directly damaging the deoxyribonucleic acid （DNA） of tumor cells or indirectly creating charged particles （free radicals） within the ceils, which can in turn damage DNA. As RT focused at the tumor tissue and provided a much larger absorbed dose than that in the surrounding healthy tissue, its side effect is much lighter than chemotherapy. Purpose： To destroy the whole of disease cells with minimal damage to the surrounding normal cells, which is the ultimate goal of RT, target-RT modalities have been developed. Methods： Owing to its excellent optical properties, Gold nanoparticle has drawn much attention. It has been proved that Gold nanoparticle is a good radiosensitizer of transferring keV energy radiation to micrometer-range photo-/Auger electrons. Recent development of nanotechnology has provided great opportunities for developing new RT modalities to enhance RT therapeutic efficacy by using gold nanoparticles. Results： A lot of multi-function nanoparticle systems have been designed to enhance RT therapeutic efficiency. Conclusion： Gold nanoparticles assisted target-RT has achieved greater therapeutic efficiency with less side effects and longer live time.

关 键 词：放射治疗 纳米金颗粒 肿瘤 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用]