武装组织规范学习的动力与进程研究  

The Motivation and Process of Armed Groups' Norm Learning:The Case of Tribal Armed Groups' Norm Learning Against Child Soldiers in Burundi

作　　者：颜琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2015年第8期106-126,159,共21页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"非洲经济史"(项目编号:14ZDB063);湖南省社会科学基金项目(项目编号:12YBA218)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：现有规范研究存在"国家中心"的偏好。然而,在国内武装冲突中,非国家行为体例如武装组织经常是人权的侵犯者和施暴者。因此,督促武装组织学习和遵守国际人道主义规范有着重要的理论与现实意义。那么武装组织为什么会接受和遵守国际人道主义规范,保持行为克制?从学理意义上说,参与进程是说服武装组织学习和遵守新规范的关键自变量。参与进程强调参与实践及其进程的重要性。一方面,参与实践是武装组织规范学习的前提条件和重要变量;另一方面,武装组织的参与实践和规范学习是一个长期的互动过程,其参与程度同其接受和遵守规范的程度成正相关。随着参与实践及其进程的深化,武装组织逐渐了解和学习新规范、催生信任与合作意识,进而导致行为的渐进性变化,最终选择接受和遵守国际规范。在案例验证方面,冷战后布隆迪部族武装(保卫民主全国委员会一保卫民主力量、胡图人解放党一民族解放阵线)放弃招募和使用儿童兵这一"最不可能案例"支持和肯定了武装组织规范学习理论的解释力。从政策意义上说,参与进程重视接触与对话,为武装组织的全球治理提供了一种新路径。While there is a 'state-center' preference in the existing norm study,nonstate actors such as armed groups are usually the violators and perpetrators to human rights in civil armed conflicts.Therefore,it is theoretically and practically important to urge armed groups to learn and obey international humanitarianism norms.So,why would armed groups accept and obey international humanitarianism norms,and choose to exercise restraint? Theoretically,participative process is the key independent variable to persuade armed groups to learn and accept new norm.Participative process emphasizes the significance of participative practice and process.On the one hand,participative practice is the prerequisite and important variable for armed groups' norm learning.On the other hand,it is a long interactive process between armed groups' participative practice and norm learning.There is a positive correlation between armed groups' degree of participation and norm acceptance.With more and deeper participative practice,armed groups gradually learn new norm and generate senses of trust and cooperation,which leads to gradual changes and norm acceptance.In the terms of case validation, 'the most unlikely case' of CNDD-FDD and PALIPEHUTU-FNL in Burundi giving up recruitment and use of child soldiers since post-Cold War supports the explanatory power of armed groups' norm learning.Finally,from a policy point of view,participative process emphasizes engagement and communication,which provides a new path for the global governance of armed groups.

关 键 词：参与进程 武装组织 国际人权规范 儿童兵规范 布隆迪 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]