滇池水-沉积物界面磷形态分布及潜在释放特征  

Distribution and release characteristics of phosphorus in water-sediment interface of Lake Dianchi

作　　者：何佳 陈春瑜 邓伟明 徐晓梅 王圣瑞[2] 刘文斌[2] 吴雪 王丽 

机构地区：[1]昆明市环境科学研究院,昆明650032 [2]中国环境科学研究院湖泊生态环境创新基地,国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2015年第5期799-810,共12页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07102);“蓝藻代谢与滇池化学需氧量的关系和原因”研究项目(2013-04-04-A-S-01-3123)联合资助

摘　　要：通过现场调查和室内模拟实验,对滇池35个上覆水-沉积物磷的分布特征以及沉积物中磷释放动力学特征进行研究,结果表明：滇池表层沉积物中不同形态磷含量表现为：有机磷（OP）（1482.49±1156.82 mg/kg）〉钙结合态磷（Ca-P）（865.54±558.40 mg/kg）〉金属氧化物结合态磷（Al-P）（463.77±662.18 mg/kg）〉残渣态磷（Res-P）（218.52±83.11 mg/kg）〉可还原态磷（Fe-P）（128.13±101.56 mg/kg）〉弱吸附态磷（NH4Cl-P）（2.26±3.05 mg/kg）;滇池上覆水草海总磷浓度处于劣Ⅳ类水平,外海不同湖区总磷浓度介于Ⅳ~Ⅴ类之间;滇池水体中的磷以颗粒态磷含量最高;滇池表层沉积物中磷的释放是由快反应和慢反应两部分组成.释放过程主要发生在前8 h内;不同区域沉积物磷的最大释放速率、最大释放量、磷的释放潜力平均值均表现为：草海〉外海北部〉外海南部〉湖心区;滇池表层沉积物中磷的释放主要由NH4Cl-P、Fe-P、Al-P和OP进行,其中,NH4Cl-P和Fe-P所占比重较大;磷的释放与上覆水中溶解性总磷、溶解态无机磷和溶解态有机磷呈显著正相关,预示着上覆水中磷的迁移转化更多地受到水-沉积物界面浓度梯度的控制,进一步说明不能以总磷含量来评价湖泊磷素释放的状况,需与磷形态及分布特征相结合进行分析.The distribution status and release characteristics of phosphorus were investigated by studying the lease kinetics characteristics and phosphorus forms from thirty-five sediment samples collected in Lake Dianchi. Results indicated that： The rank order of phosphorus contents in the surface sediment of Lake Dianchi was organic P（ OP）（ 1482. 49 ± 1156. 82 mg / kg） calcium-bound P（ Ca-P）（ 865. 54 ± 558. 40 mg / kg）〉 metal oxide-bound P（ Al-P）（ 463. 77 ± 662. 18 mg / kg） 〉residual P（ Res-P）（ 218. 52 ±83. 11 mg / kg） 〉Fe-bound P（ Fe-P）（ 128. 13 ± 101. 56 mg / kg）〉 weakly absorded P（ NH4Cl-P）（ 2. 26 ± 3. 05 mg / kg）; The amount of total phosphorus in overlying water exceed V class in Caohai and between Class Ⅳ and Class Ⅴ in other sections. The amount of particulate P（ PP） is the highest among total phosphorus（ TP）; The process of phosphate release from the surface sediment to the water in Lake Dianchi mainly occurred in the first 8 h and the kinetics were divided into the rapid-stage and the slowstage. The rank order of mean values of maximal phosphorus adsorption rate（ Vmax）,maximal phosphours adsorption capacities（ Qmax）,the release potential of sedimentary phosphorus（ IDE-P） were Caohai〉 northern 〉coast southern〉 coast lake center;From the correlation parameters,phosphorus release can be inferred to obtain the contribution degree of different forms of phosphorus on release potential of phosphorus in the sediments of Lake Dianchi. Therefore,the evaluation of sediment phosphorus releaserisk should not be only limited to the analyse of the basic physical and chemical properties. Great attention should be paid to the contents of different forms of phosphorus content and their proportions of total phosphorus.

关 键 词：滇池 磷 沉积物 上覆水 磷形态 磷释放 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]