氮肥运筹对机采棉养分吸收及产量的影响  

Nitrogen Fertilizer Management of Regulation of Cotton Yield and Nutrient Uptake in the Machine Pick Cotton Patterns

作　　者：龚双凤[1,2] 马兴旺[2] 索俊宇 陈宝燕 朱靖蓉[4] 何万义 杨涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [3]乌鲁木齐市米东区农产品质量安全检测中心,乌鲁木齐830000 [4]新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第7期1216-1223,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆科技支撑项目(201231102);国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD09B04;2014BAD111302);国家自然科学基金项目(41361067)

摘　　要：【目的】通过田间试验,探明机采棉种植模式下氮肥运筹技术模式,研究不同产量水平下机采棉各生育期吸收N、P、K的量与比例及其区别,以期明确土壤-棉花体系养分吸收利用特征,指导机采棉模式下高效施肥。【方法】在田间不同施氮策略处理下,对机采棉各生育期定点采集植株样品并测产,统计分析N、P、K含量和产量的相关关系。【结果】随着氮肥基施比例由0提高到40%,在机采棉模式下,可形成7 667.15 kg/hm2超高产,7 376.12 kg/hm2的中高产,7 212.33 kg/hm2的一般产量三种水平;机采棉在苗-蕾期对氮素的吸收是占主要的,占棉花这时期吸收养分总量的34.57%~48.52%。蕾期-花铃期对养分的需求量最大,吸收N占棉花整个生育期吸收总N的66.14%~83.22%、吸收P2O5占总P2O5的52.39%~73.07%、吸收K2O占总K2O的75.57%~79.08%。机采棉种植模式下棉花对养分的需求表现出对氮需求较早,且量也较大;对磷的需求稍晚,但需求持续时间长;对钾的需求时间和强度处于氮、磷之间。【结论】机采棉种植模式下,通过氮肥的基追比例运筹,能够调控棉花达到不同的产量水平。机采棉超高产棉花单位面积上吸收N、P2O5、K2O的量高于一般产量和中高产棉花的吸收量,并且对K2O吸收的绝对量最大。不同产量水平下棉花对N、P2O5、K2O养分吸收比值总体上是相近的,但在各生育期养分吸收比值有差异。【Objective】Through field experiments,machine cotton picking planting models were explored under nitrogen management technology,and the absorption of the N,P and K proportion and quantity and itsdifference in different cotton yields under the growth period of machine cotton picking was studied in order to explore clear- cotton system soil nutrient uptake characteristics,and the matching relation between output changes.【Method】Under different nitrogen levels,during the growth period fixed point on a regular basis of collected representative samples of plants with different levels of cotton production under the machine- harvested cotton,analysis of the content of N,P,K in the dry matter.【Result】As basal application of nitrogen fertilizer ratio from 0 to 40%,machine cotton picking mode can form 7 667. 15 kg/hm2 the super high yield,with 7 376. 12 kg/hm2 the high yield,and 7 212. 33 kg/hm2 the general production of the three levels. Nitrogen absorption is dominant at seedling stage and bud stage under the machine picking condition,which accounted for 34. 57%- 48. 52% in this period of the cotton. The greatest demand for nutrients happened from the bud stage to the flowering and boll- setting period,and the absorption of N accounted for 66. 14%- 83.22% in the entire cotton yield. The absorption P2O5 accounted for 52. 39%- 73. 07% in all of the absorption P2O5,the absorption K2 O accounted for 75. 57%- 79. 08% in all of the absorption K2 O. The demand for nutrients of machine cotton picking planting mode,the demand for N was earlier and higher,the demand for P2O5 was later and and the time lasted longer,The demand for K of the time and strength were between the N and P2O5.【Conclusion】Under the machine cotton picking planting mode,through the base after proportion of nitrogen fertilizer management,the cotton produced at different levels could be controlled. In super high yield cotton fields,the absorption of N,P2O5,K2 O was higher than those of cottons in medium high yield and the general yield. And the a

关 键 词：机采棉 氮肥运筹 产量 养分吸收利用 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S562[农业科学—农业基础科学]