一株灰潮土解磷菌的解磷特性及其对花生的促生作用  

Phosphate-solubilizing Capability of Bacterial Strain Y1 from Fluvo-aquic Soil and Its Promoting Effects on Peanut

作　　者：闫小梅[1] 虞丽[1] 叶成龙[1] 李根[1] 武俊[1] 胡锋[1] 姜瑛[2] 李辉信[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京210095 [2]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第26期150-155,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"土壤食细菌取食细菌的偏好性及其分子机制"(41271270);国家自然科学基金"食细菌线虫与溶磷菌相互作用促进冬小麦生长的土壤磷素活化机制"(41401274)

摘　　要：为研究解磷菌能使土壤中被铁、铝等吸附固定的难溶性的非有效态磷转化为易于被植物吸收利用的有效态磷,促进农作物的生长。从南京长江南岸的潮土中分离筛选获得了一株解磷效果好、性状稳定的解磷细菌Y1。观测了菌株Y1形态及生理生化性状,测定其16S rDNA的保守序列。通过菌株生长和发酵条件试验,研究了该菌株在不同培养条件下的解磷能力。通过设置盆栽实验,研究了Y1菌株对花生生长的作用。实验结果初步确定菌株Y1为荧光假单胞菌（Pseudomonas fluorescens）,该菌株在碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为硝酸铵、初始pH 6-8、装液量为50/250 mL时,解磷效果最好。盆栽试验结果表明,接种菌株Y1的花生根长、根表面积、根直径分别比对照增加159.0%、133.0%、18.9%,植株对N、P、K的吸收量分别比对照高73.6%、26.6%、41.0%,差异均达显著水平。本实验从灰潮土中筛选出一株高效解磷菌Y1,不仅能够促进花生的生长、产量,而且能够增加花生植株对N、P、K的吸收。该研究结果为菌株Y1在农业生产中的应用提供了理论依据和实验基础。Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria can convert sparingly insoluble phosphate fixed by iron or aluminum into available phosphorus which can be easily utilized by crops. In order to study it, we isolated a phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strain Y1 with stable character from the fluvo-aquic soil in Nanjing, China.We measured its morphological feature, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and determined its 16 SrDNA conserved sequence. By designing an experiment of growth and fermentation of the strain, we exploredthe phosphate-solubilizing capability of Y1 under different culture conditions. In this experiment, weorganized a pot experiment to study the growth-promoting of Y1 strain on peanut. The Y1 was identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens. It displayed a better phosphate-solubilizing capability when the carbon source wasglucose, the nitrogen source was NH4NO3, the medium initial pH was 6-8, and the volume was 50/250 mL inliquid volume in flask. The results showed that treatment of peanut with strains Y1 significantly enhanced thetotal length, root surface area, root diameter by 159.0%, 133.0%, 18.9% compared with the control, and significantly enhanced the absorption of N, P, K by 73.6%, 26.6%, 41.0% compared with the control. Weisolated a phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strain, which can promote the growth and yield of peanut and enhance the N, P, K absorption of plant. The results showed that there was potentiality for application of strainY1 in agricultural production.

关 键 词：灰潮土 解磷菌 解磷能力 促生 

分 类 号：S154.39[农业科学—土壤学]