缓释肥施用量对超高产夏玉米氮素积累分配的影响  

Effects of Slow-release Fertilizer Treatments on Nitrogen Accumulation and Distribution of Super-high Yield Summer Maize

作　　者：陈艳萍[1] 肖尧[2] 孔令杰[1] 陆大雷[2] 袁建华[1] 陆卫平[2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,南京210014 [2]扬州大学农学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第27期34-40,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"糯玉米籽粒产量和淀粉糊化特性对水分胁迫响应的基因型差异及调控效应"(31271640);"糯玉米籽粒产量和淀粉品质形成对高温胁迫的响应及水氮调控机制"(31471436);江苏省科技支撑计划"密植高产饲用玉米新品种选育"(BE2013434);江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目"苏玉29和苏玉36高产高效技术集成与示范"[CX(14)4037];江苏省农业三新工程"夏玉米密植高产机械化生产技术示范推广"(SXGC(2014)298)

摘　　要：明确缓释肥施用量对超高产夏玉米氮素积累和分配的影响及其对产量形成的作用。以‘苏玉29’、‘苏玉30’为材料,采用裂区设计,设置7个缓释肥水平(N 0、270、315、360、405、450、495 kg/hm2),研究夏玉米氮素积累和分配在不同处理下的变化趋势。结果表明:随着缓释肥施用量增加,两品种(‘苏玉29’、‘苏玉30’)氮素积累量与氮素利用效率均呈单峰变化趋势,在N 405 kg/hm2水平下达最大值,且‘苏玉29’氮素利用率显著高于‘苏玉30’。百千克籽粒需氮量随缓释肥施用量增加先升后降,在N 405 kg/hm2水平下达最大值,而每千克氮生产籽粒量的变化规律相反。随着施氮水平提升,玉米偏生产力降低。最高产处理下,茎、叶、鞘氮素转移率和对籽粒产量的贡献率显著高于其他处理。回归分析表明,成熟期叶片中氮素分配比例较高有利于‘苏玉29’高产,苞叶和穗轴中氮素分配比例较高有利于‘苏玉30’高产。在本实验条件下,两品种在N 405 kg/hm2时产量最高,氮素积累量、氮肥利用率和百千克籽粒需氮量最高,茎、叶、鞘的氮素转移率及其对产量的贡献率较高。The aim of the study was to clarify the effects of slow-release fertilizer application on the nitrogen（N） accumulation and distribution, and its contribution to the yield of the summer maize varieties. Using twomaize hybrids（‘Suyu29’and‘Suyu30’） as materials, the changes of N accumulation and distribution undervarious slow-release fertilizer treatments（N 0, 270, 315, 360, 405, 450, and 495 kg/hm2, respectively） wereconducted by a field trial with split plot design in 2013. With the increase of slow- release levels, the Naccumulation amount and N use efficiency rose first, fell later and peaked at N 405 kg/hm2, and these twoparameters of‘Suyu29’were higher than those of‘Suyu30’. The N-requirement for 100 kg grain also rosefirst and fell later and peaked at N 405 kg/hm2 for both varieties, while the change trend for grains per kg Nproduction was on the contrary. The partial fertilizer productivity gradually decreased with the increase of Namount. Under the treatment with the highest yield at N 405 kg/hm2, the N translocation rate of leaf, stem and sheath and their contribution to grain yield were higher than those of the other N treatments. The results ofregression analysis showed that the high N distribution percentage in leaf at maturity was in favor of high yieldfor‘Suyu29’, and high N distribution percentage in bract and cob were in favor of high yield for’Suyu30’. Inthis study, the two varieties with N 405 kg/hm2 had the highest grain yield, N accumulation amount, N useefficiency, N-requirement for 100 kg grain, and the N translocation rate of leaf, stem and sheath and theircontribution to yield were higher than that of other treatments.

关 键 词：夏玉米 缓释肥 氮素利用率 积累和分配 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]